Chest & Respiratory Flashcards
What is the normal respiratory rate for newborns?
30-60
Respiratory rate varies widely and depends on many factors.
What does grunting indicate during respiration?
Expiration against a partially closed glottis to attempt to increase functional residual capacity
Associated with a prolonged expiratory phase (increased I:E ratio).
What is periodic breathing in newborns?
Irregular breathing with pauses of up to 20 seconds
Should not be accompanied by bradycardia or color change.
What does nasal flaring indicate?
Attempt to reduce the resistance to air flow in nasal passage
1/3 of total pulmonary resistance is in the nasal passages.
What is a common sign of poor lung compliance?
See-saw respirations
Chest wall collapses and abdomen bulges on inspiration.
List the factors that can contribute to bradypnea.
- CNS depression
- Maternal drug ingestion
- Asphyxia
- Birth injury
What are the criteria for respiratory distress scoring?
- Chest movement
- Intercostal retractions
- Xiphoid retractions
- Expiratory grunting
- Nasal flaring
What is the significance of transillumination in respiratory assessment?
Helpful when pneumothorax is suspected
Darkened room and light source perpendicular to the infant’s chest.
What does excessive oral secretions in a newborn suggest?
Consider esophageal atresia
Nasal stuffiness may indicate structural defect or maternal drug use.
True or False: Coughing is a normal finding in newborns.
False
Coughing is considered abnormal in newborns.
What are adventitious breath sounds?
Abnormal sounds heard during auscultation
Includes crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and stridor.
What does pectus carinatum refer to?
Protrusion of sternum
Also known as pigeon chest.
Fill in the blank: The normal appearance of nipples in a term newborn includes areola raised and stippled with _____ of tissue.
¾ to 1 cm
What is the significance of auscultating breath sounds in neonates?
Localization of sounds can be difficult
Systematic assessment is necessary using a neonatal stethoscope.
What is the primary cause of intercostal retractions?
Upper airway obstruction
Especially with stridor or gasping.
What does the presence of meconium stained fluid indicate?
Potential fetal distress
Could be associated with maternal health issues.
What is the definition of tachypnea?
Respiratory rate greater than 60
Associated with hyperthermia and underlying lung pathology.
What does the term ‘auto-peep’ refer to?
Not explicitly defined in the provided content
It generally refers to a phenomenon in respiratory mechanics.
What is the role of auscultation in respiratory assessment?
To assess breath sounds and detect abnormalities
Includes checking for transmitted upper airway sounds, crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and stridor.
