Skin and temperature regulation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is meant by man being homeothermic?

A

likes to keep body temperature around the same point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Core body temp

A

37+/-0.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens if body temperature is above 41?

A

denature proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens if body temperature is below 30?

A

lose consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 4 things body temperature varies with

A

menstrual cycle
circadian rhythm
external temperature
activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the biggest source of heat loss?

A

radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What receptors detect temperature changes?

A

cold and warm thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are peripheral thermoreceptors found?

A

skin eg face and scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are central thermoreceptors found?

A

spinal cord, abdominal organs and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 ways in which heat generated increases

A

metabolism
muscle activity
shivering thermogenesis
non shivering thermogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is non shivering thermogenesis important in and why?

A

infants - brown adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 ways in which heat loss is decreased

A

vasomotor - sympathetic arteriolar constriction

behaviour eg add clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define hypothermia

A

A fall in deep body temperature to below 35 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is at risk of hypothermia?

A

neonates
elderly
vagrants
outdoor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treating hypothermia

A

dry/insulate
slow rewarming with blankets
internal re-warming with hot drinks
fast re-warming by immersion in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vascular frostbite

A

vasoconstriction, increase in viscosity and thrombosis leading to anoxia

17
Q

Cellular frost bite

A

ice crystals form in ECF
increase ECF osmolarity
move water into space leading to cell dehydration and death

18
Q

Why is there more strokes and heart attacks in winter?

A

increased vasoconstriction and increased blood viscosity

19
Q

2 ways in which heat production is minimised

A

decrease physical activity

decrease food intake

20
Q

3 ways heat loss increased from body

A

vasomotor control - arteriolar dilation
sweating
behaviour eg remove clothes and increase surface area

21
Q

What temperature does heat exhaustion occur?

A

37.5-40 degrees

22
Q

What happens in heat exhaustion?

A

vasodilation and drop in central blood volume

excess sweating disturbs water and salt balance

23
Q

Symptoms of heat exhaustion

A

headache, confusion, nausea, profuse sweating, clammy skin, tachycardia, hypotension, weak pulse, fainting and collapse

24
Q

Heatstroke body temperature

A

above 40

25
Q

Symptoms of heat stroke

A

hot dry skin and circulatory collapse

26
Q

Most at risk groups of heat stroke

A

neonate and elderly
physical work in hot climate
non-breathable protective clothing

27
Q

Treatment of heat stroke

A
move to cool environment 
remove clothing 
fan 
sponge with slightly warm water 
give fluids - IV and oral
28
Q

What causes fever?

A

endogenous pyrogens

29
Q

What happens to produce fever in infection and explain why paracetomol works

A

cyclo-oxygenase in hypothalamus produces prostaglandins
paracetomol blocks this enzyme
Body temperature set around a higher temp
endogenous pyrogens shift the set point