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Year 2 Dermatology (JK) > Introduction to dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

skin

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2
Q

List some accessory structures of the skin

A

hair, nails, sensory structures

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3
Q

Name the 2 layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

3 cell types found in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes (most)
Langerhans
melanocytes

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5
Q

What composes the dermis?

A

collagen and elastin matrix with mucopolysaccharide gel

fibroblasts, sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles, macrophages, dermal dendritic cells

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6
Q

What is the sub cutis? function?

A

fat energy store

insulation and anchor skin to fascia

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7
Q

Function of melanocytes

A

make melanosomes (melanin) which is excreted and phagocytosed into keratinocytes to protect from UV exposure

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8
Q

Role of Langerhans cells

A

Process antigens and migrate to LN to induce an immune response

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9
Q

Name the 5 layers of the epidermis

A 
stratum corneum 
stratum lucidium 
stratum granulosum 
stratum spinosum 
stratum basale
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10
Q

What layer of epidermis has stem cells and the effect of this?

A

stratum basale

regenerative properties of the skin

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11
Q

What layer of epidermis do cells become dead?

A

granulosum

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12
Q

Functions of nail

A

protection

fine sensory and motor tasks

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13
Q

Nail matrix

A

tissue the nail protects

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14
Q

What part of the nail prevents the matric from becoming infected?

A

cuticle

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15
Q

3 phases of hair cycles

A

anagen
catagen
telogen

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16
Q

What hair phase is active?

A

anagen

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17
Q

What hair phase is the resting phase?

A

telogen

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18
Q

6 functions of the skin

A 
thermoregulation
barrier 
interpersonal communication 
skin immune system 
vitamin D synthesis 
sensation
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19
Q

5 D’s of why skin disease is important

A 
disfigurement 
discomfort 
disability 
depression 
death
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20
Q

External causes of skin disease

A 
temperature 
chemical 
infection 
trauma 
UV
21
Q

Internal causes of skin disease

A

drugs
genetics
infection
systemic disease

22
Q

What is the main cause of photosensitivity?

A

medication
reactive to UVA/B and visible light
exposed sites affected

23
Q

Main clue with photosensitivity

A

areas under chin and behind ear unaffected

24
Q

Cold urticaria

A

skin reaction to cold due to mast cell degranulation

25
Q

dermatitis artefacta

A

burn, aerosol can, suction blister

self inflicted

26
Q

bullous pemphigoid

A

blisters at dermal-epidermal junction due to anti hemidesmosome antibodies

27
Q

Morphology

A

appearance of skin lesions

28
Q

What size does small mean?

A

less than 5mm

29
Q

macule

A

small circumscribed area

30
Q

patch

A

large circumscribed area

31
Q

papule

A

small raised area

32
Q

Plaque

A

large raised area

33
Q

vesicle

A

small fluid filled

34
Q

bulla

A

large fluid filled

35
Q

pustule

A

small pus filled

36
Q

abscess

A

large pus filled

37
Q

erosion

A

affecting epidermis - loss

38
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidermis and dermis

39
Q

What is the difference between a macule/patch and normal skin?

A

colour ONLY

40
Q

What is a small and large intradermal haemorrhage called?

A

petechiae

purpura

41
Q

What can distribution of skin lesions tell us?

A

help with diagnosis eg solitary, symmetrical, multiple, general

42
Q

What is eruptive xanthoma indicative of?

A

hyperlipidaemia

43
Q

What is acanthosis nigracans linked to?

A

type 2 DM, obesity, malignancy

44
Q

How are cutaneous signs helpful in diagnosing?

A

can tell us about systemic illnesses and many other conditions eg malignancy, auto-immune, sarcoidosis

45
Q

How do we investigate bacterial dermatology?

A

charcoal swab
swab exudate, ulcers etc (do blood test if none)
microscopy, culture and sensitivity

46
Q

Viral investigations in dermatology

A

viral swab for PCR

swab vesicle/bulla if vesicular eruption

47
Q

If a viral infection is systemic how do we investigate in dermatology?

A

throat swab

48
Q

Fungal investigations

A

nail clippings
hair sample
skin clipping

49
Q

Skin biopsy uses

A

punch biopsy - 5mm radius

eczema, psoriasis, malignancy etc

Year 2 Dermatology (JK) (11 decks)

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