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Year 2 Dermatology (JK) > Eczema > Flashcards

Eczema Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

List 4 reasons why it is important to learn about eczema

A

Common - 24% children
Prevalance is rising
chronic
costly

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2
Q

Define eczema

A

An inflammatory skin condition commonly affecting flexural areas

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3
Q

Does eczema affect flexural or extensor areas?

A

flexural

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4
Q

Define atopic eczema

A

an itchy skin condition in the last 12 months + 3 of the following

  • onset before age 2
  • history of flexural involvement
  • history of generally itchy skin
  • atopic diseases eg hayfever, asthma
  • 1st degree relative if under 4
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5
Q

What gene is implicated in atopic eczema?

A

filaggrin gene - sticky protein in the skin

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6
Q

Genetic role in atopic eczema

A

atopic diseae

filaggrin gene

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7
Q

Environmental factors in atopic eczema

A

atopy

epidermal barrier dysfunction

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8
Q

3 steps of atopic eczema pathogenesis

A

intracellular oedema within epidermis due to inflammation
Thickening of epidermis
Inflammation

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9
Q

List 4 potential causes of acute flares of atopic eczema

A

viral illness
stress
environment eg cold, heat
Food allergies

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10
Q

Clinical features of atopic eczema

A

ithc, red, scaling, papules and vesicles
flexural
babies faces

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11
Q

Chronic changes in atopic eczema

A

plaques and fissuring

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12
Q

3 types of exogenous eczema

A

contact dermatitis
lichen simplex
Photoallergic

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13
Q

7 types of endogenous eczema

A 
atopic
discoid
venous
seborrheic dermatitis
pompholyx
juvenile plantar dermatitis 
asteatotic
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14
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis? What does this mean?

A

type 4

delayed - can happen 2 or 3 days after exposure

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15
Q

Explain the immunology of allergic contact dermatitis

A

APC taken allergen to lymph node to naïve T cells

Clonal expansion and next encounter allergen will have mast cell degranulation, vasodilation and neutrophils

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16
Q

How is the skin injured in irritant contact dermatitis? (3)

A

friction eg micro trauma or accumulative
Environment eg cold, chemicals
occupation eg hairdresser, cleaners

17
Q

Explain the concept of patch testing

A

potential allergens applied to the skin not using needles on Monday and removed Wednesday and look at Friday

18
Q

Where is seborrheic dermatitis found?

A

scalp and flexures

19
Q

Who is affected by seborrheic dermatitis?

A

<6 months old - infants

20
Q

What happens in chronic dermatitis with yeast?

A

malassezia yeast increased in scaly epidermis of dandruff

21
Q

Appearance of chronic dermatitis

A

red, sharply defined lesions with greasy looking scales in places with a lot of sebaceous glands

22
Q

How is chronic dermatitis treated and if it is severe what would we consider?

A

anti yeast

HIV test

23
Q

Appearance of discoid eczema

A

circular plaques found at sites of trauma or irritation

24
Q

Where is vesicular eczema found?

A

palms and soles

25
Q

What can the resolution of discoid eczema include?

A

desquamation

26
Q

Appearance of asteatotic eczema

A

very dry skin with cracked scaly appearance especially on the shins

27
Q

Causes of asteatotic eczema

A

climate - heat, excessive washing

28
Q

How does venous eczema present?

A

oedema of lower leg and ankle

resolution of this can help

29
Q

Cause of eczema herpeticum

A

disseminated HSV infection

30
Q

Treatment of eczema herpeticum

A

antivirals, secondary bacterial infection treatment

31
Q

Treatments of eczema - ALOT!

A 
patient education 
avoidance 
emollients 
soap substitutes 
intermittent topical steroids
antihistamines 
anti-microbials 
calcineurin inhibitors eg tacrolimus
32
Q

Treatment of severe eczema

A

UV light

immunosuppression eg ciclosporin, methotrexate

33
Q

Explain the difference between ointment, cream and lotion

A

ointment - greasy
creams - lighter
lotions - watery

34
Q

Side effects of eczema treatment

A

steroid striae

telangectasia

Year 2 Dermatology (JK) (11 decks)

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