Eczema Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 reasons why it is important to learn about eczema

A

Common - 24% children
Prevalance is rising
chronic
costly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define eczema

A

An inflammatory skin condition commonly affecting flexural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does eczema affect flexural or extensor areas?

A

flexural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define atopic eczema

A

an itchy skin condition in the last 12 months + 3 of the following

  • onset before age 2
  • history of flexural involvement
  • history of generally itchy skin
  • atopic diseases eg hayfever, asthma
  • 1st degree relative if under 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What gene is implicated in atopic eczema?

A

filaggrin gene - sticky protein in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genetic role in atopic eczema

A

atopic diseae

filaggrin gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Environmental factors in atopic eczema

A

atopy

epidermal barrier dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 steps of atopic eczema pathogenesis

A

intracellular oedema within epidermis due to inflammation
Thickening of epidermis
Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List 4 potential causes of acute flares of atopic eczema

A

viral illness
stress
environment eg cold, heat
Food allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical features of atopic eczema

A

ithc, red, scaling, papules and vesicles
flexural
babies faces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic changes in atopic eczema

A

plaques and fissuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 types of exogenous eczema

A

contact dermatitis
lichen simplex
Photoallergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

7 types of endogenous eczema

A
atopic
discoid
venous
seborrheic dermatitis
pompholyx
juvenile plantar dermatitis 
asteatotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis? What does this mean?

A

type 4

delayed - can happen 2 or 3 days after exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain the immunology of allergic contact dermatitis

A

APC taken allergen to lymph node to naïve T cells

Clonal expansion and next encounter allergen will have mast cell degranulation, vasodilation and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the skin injured in irritant contact dermatitis? (3)

A

friction eg micro trauma or accumulative
Environment eg cold, chemicals
occupation eg hairdresser, cleaners

17
Q

Explain the concept of patch testing

A

potential allergens applied to the skin not using needles on Monday and removed Wednesday and look at Friday

18
Q

Where is seborrheic dermatitis found?

A

scalp and flexures

19
Q

Who is affected by seborrheic dermatitis?

A

<6 months old - infants

20
Q

What happens in chronic dermatitis with yeast?

A

malassezia yeast increased in scaly epidermis of dandruff

21
Q

Appearance of chronic dermatitis

A

red, sharply defined lesions with greasy looking scales in places with a lot of sebaceous glands

22
Q

How is chronic dermatitis treated and if it is severe what would we consider?

A

anti yeast

HIV test

23
Q

Appearance of discoid eczema

A

circular plaques found at sites of trauma or irritation

24
Q

Where is vesicular eczema found?

A

palms and soles

25
What can the resolution of discoid eczema include?
desquamation
26
Appearance of asteatotic eczema
very dry skin with cracked scaly appearance especially on the shins
27
Causes of asteatotic eczema
climate - heat, excessive washing
28
How does venous eczema present?
oedema of lower leg and ankle | resolution of this can help
29
Cause of eczema herpeticum
disseminated HSV infection
30
Treatment of eczema herpeticum
antivirals, secondary bacterial infection treatment
31
Treatments of eczema - ALOT!
``` patient education avoidance emollients soap substitutes intermittent topical steroids antihistamines anti-microbials calcineurin inhibitors eg tacrolimus ```
32
Treatment of severe eczema
UV light | immunosuppression eg ciclosporin, methotrexate
33
Explain the difference between ointment, cream and lotion
ointment - greasy creams - lighter lotions - watery
34
Side effects of eczema treatment
steroid striae | telangectasia