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Year 2 Dermatology (JK) > Dermatology pharmacology and prescribing > Flashcards

Dermatology pharmacology and prescribing Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

unlicensed

A

not approved for use in UK

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2
Q

off label

A

A licensed medication being used for an unlicensed indication

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3
Q

Specials medication

A

unlicensed dermatological preparations

clinically effective but lack of evidence

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

effect of body on the drug

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5
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Effect of drug on the body

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6
Q

Causes of prescription errors

A

lack of knowledge - patient, medication, allergy
unintentional error in writing of prescription
no guidance
poor communication

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7
Q

Pharmacology

A

branch of medicine concerned with uses, effects and modes of actions of drugs

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8
Q

What is the preferred route of administration?

A

topically

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9
Q

Distribution

A

where the drug gets

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10
Q

Metabolism - disease of what organ important?

A

liver

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11
Q

Excretion - disease of what organ important?

A

kidneys

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12
Q

4 factors influencing pharmacodynamics

A

age
drug interactions
pregnancy risk
pharmacogenetics

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13
Q

Factors which make it more likely the patient will adhere to medication?

A

female, increasing age, working, married, not paying for prescription

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14
Q

Factors associated with poor adherence to medication

A 
psychiatric 
unintentional 
cosmesis implications 
slower acting agents 
multiple times a day 
lack of education
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15
Q

2 components of a topical therapy

A

vehicle and active drug

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16
Q

What is a vehicle?

A

pharmacologically inert, physically and chemically stable substance that carries active drug

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17
Q

Factors affecting absorption of a topical therapy

A 
skin site 
thickness and dehydration 
location 
occlusion 
concentration 
vehicle 
temperature 
chemical properties
18
Q

List some examples of vehicles

A

creams, ointments, shampoo, patches, oils, gel, foam, paste, lotion, spray, paint

19
Q

Some examples of medications given topically

A

steroids, NSAIDS, salicylic acid, antiviral, antibiotic, chemotherapy, coal tar, vitamin analogues, parasiticidals

20
Q

How do topical steroids work?

A

regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines
suppress fibroblasts, endothelial and leukocyte function
vasoconstriction and inhibit vascular permeability

21
Q

Is % or potency of a topical CCS more important?

A

potency

22
Q

What is a finger-tip unit?

A

0.5g - enough to cover childs hand twice

23
Q

side effects of topical steroids

A 
thinning/atrophy 
hirsutism 
striae 
bruising 
glaucoma
acne 
rosacea
cataracts
telangiectasia
24
Q

3 systemic treatments in dermatology

A

retinoids
immunosuppressants
biologics

25
Q

What are retinoids?

A

vitamin A analogues

26
Q

How do retinoids work?

A

normalise keratinocyte function

anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer

27
Q

Conditions which use retinoids

A

acne, psoriasis, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, hand eczema

28
Q

Disadvantages/side effects of retinoids

A

teratogenic
psynchiatric, eye, bone - rare
dry lips and dry skin
increase TAG

29
Q

Risks of immunosuppressives

A

malignancy and infection

30
Q

3 important blood tests for those on immunosuppressives

A

FBC
renal function
liver function

31
Q

Biologics - what are they?

A

genetically engineered proteins derived from human genes designed to inhibit specific parts of immune system

32
Q

Cept

A

receptor fusion protein

33
Q

mab

A

monoclonal anti-body

34
Q

zu

A

humanised

35
Q

ix

A

chimeric

36
Q

u

A

fully human

37
Q

il

A

immunomodulatory

38
Q

2 conditions biologics used in

A

psoriasis

chronic spontaneous urticaria

39
Q

Risks of infection consequences of biologics

A

reactivation of TB
avoid live vaccines
serious infection

40
Q

2 other disadvantages of biologics

A

risk of malignancy

TNF inhibitor - risk of demyelination

41
Q

Biologics in melanoma

A

poor prognosis - help to improve this
BRAF 600 mutation
immunotherapies

42
Q

5 year survival for melanoma

A

20%

Year 2 Dermatology (JK) (11 decks)

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