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PHAR 1054 > Skin and scalp > Flashcards

Skin and scalp Flashcards

1
Q

Outline dry skin as SKIN

A
  • A problem which develops when the balance between moisture
    content and natural moisturising factors, such as certain lipids, is
    compromised.
  • Often temporary but can also be part of a long term condition.
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2
Q

Outline what causes dry skin and where itd most likely to appear

A
  • Lack fo moisture
  • Can appear anywhere on the body but mainly on face, hands, arms and legs
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3
Q

Outline internal factors of dry skin

A
  • Skin-ageing
  • Hormonal influences
  • Age and gender
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4
Q

Outline external factors of dry skin

A
  • Environmental causes
  • Contact with washing
    detergents/soaps
  • Certain skincare
    products/medical preparations
  • Poor diet
  • Smoking
  • Exposure to UV rays
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5
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of dry skin

A
  • Mild scaling
  • Roughness
  • A feeling of tightness
  • Itching
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6
Q

Outline when to refer for dry skin and where it is common

A
  • If the dry skin has cracked and the skin is broken or bleeding
  • If the dry skin is painful or appears infected
  • If the sufferer has extremely dry skin on their face
  • COMMON IN CHILDREN UNDER 10, ADULTS OVER 60 AND WOMEN MORE THAN MEN
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7
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for dry skin

A

Emollient moisturisers which Form a protective layer on the skin
- Help to prevent moisture from escaping from the skin and soften it
- Improve appearance, roughness and dryness

  • e.g
  • Cetraben
    Epaderm
    Diprobase
    Doublebase
    Zerobase
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8
Q

Outline concerns with emollient moisturisers

A
  • Commonly contain paraffin-based ingredients!!!
  • There is a fire risk associated with the build-up of residue on clothing
    and bedding
  • Patients encouraged not to smoke or go near naked flames as treated
    skin can rapidly ignite
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9
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for dry skin

A
  • Pat or tap the skin instead of scratching it
  • Hold something cool on the skin like a damp towel
  • Have cool or lukewarm baths/showers
  • Use unperfumed moisturiser regularly
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10
Q

Outline eczema as SKIN

A
  • A skin condition caused by skin inflammation
  • Sufferers have very dry skin as their skin is unable to retain much
    moisture
  • Patches of the skin become rough and inflamed with blisters which can
    cause itching and bleeding
    MAINLY AFFECTS WRISTS, NECK AND CREASES IN JOINTS OF ELBOWS &KNEES
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11
Q

Outline signs and symptoms os eczema

A
  • Scaling
  • Rough skin with thickening and cracking
  • Intense itching
  • Tendency to become red and inflamed
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12
Q

Outline when to refer for eczema

A
  • If the sufferer presents with eczema on their face
  • If the condition has not improved with the use of emollients
  • If the dry skin/eczema has lasted longer than two weeks
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13
Q

Outline patients likely to suffer from eczema

A
  • 1 in every 5 children in the UK is affected by eczema at some stage
  • Patients who also suffer from asthma, hay fever and food allergies
  • If one/both parents also suffer from eczema
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14
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for eczema

A

Emollient moisturisers
* Examples include:
Cetraben
Epaderm
Diprobase
Doublebase
Zerobase

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15
Q

Outline a 2nd treatment option for eczema

A

Topical Steroids
* Reduce inflammation and redness during flare-ups

e.g. Hydrocortisone 1% Cream (HC45 cream)
Apply THINLY once to twice a day for a maximum of 7 days

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16
Q

Outline a 3rd treeatment option fo eczema which is stilll a topical steroid

A

Hydrocortisone 1% Cream (HC45 cream)
- Apply THINLY once to twice a day for a maximum of 7 days

Eumovate cresm
- Apply THINLY twice a day for a
maximum of 7 days
- This product is licensed for adults
and children over 12 years old
- As a ā€˜Pā€™ medicine, it is not licensed
for use on the face!!!

17
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for eczema

A
  • Pat or tap the skin instead of scratching it
  • Hold something cool on the skin like a damp towel
  • Have cool or lukewarm baths/showers
  • Use unperfumed moisturiser regularly
18
Q

Outline body ringoworm as SKIN

A
  • Small, ring-shaped
    patches with scaly,red edges
  • These patches can multiply and
    grow and the rings may merge
    together
  • The rings will feel slightly raised to
    touch and feel itchy
19
Q

Outline what causes body ringworm and how it can spread

A
  • Caused by types of fungi known as dermatophytes
  • Thrive in warm, moist environments
  • Skin, scalp and nails are prone to fungal infections as they offer an
    ideal environment for dermatophytes to flourish in
  • SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT AND SURFACES ANOTHER INFECTED PERSON HAS TOUCHED
20
Q

Outline when to refer for body ringworm

A
  • If no improvement to infection after being treated for two weeks
  • If you have ringworm on your scalp
  • If you have a weakened immune system
21
Q

Outline treatment options for body ringworm

A
  • Imidazole Antifungals
    E.g. Miconazole 2% Cream (Daktarin)
    Apply TWICE daily to the affected area
    treatment should be continued at least one week after
    symptoms have disappeared
22
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for body ringworm

A
  • Wash towels and bed sheets regularly
  • Keep your skin clean and wash your hands after touching animals or
    soil
    ALSO CAN SPREAD FROM OTHERS SO CHECK IF U TOUCH INFECTED PERSON
23
Q

Outline dandruff as a scalp condition and causes

A

A build-up of dead skin cells on the scalp
CAUSED BY
- Not brushing the hair regularly
- An overgrowth of a fungal yeast called Malassezia
- Nutritional Deficiencies
- A diet high in sugars and refined carbohydrates

24
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of dandruff

A
  • White clumps seen in the hair (which can also fall onto the shoulders)
  • Itchy Scalp
25
Q

Outline when to refer for dandruff and who it is more common in

A
  • Severe scaling on the scalp that is also affecting other areas of the body
  • If the scalp appears infected
    MORE COMMON IN MEN AND PEIPLE IN 20s and 30s
26
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for dandruff and recommended dose

A

Medicated shampoos containing coal tar extract help remove the buildup of dead skin cells from the scalp.
e.g. Neutrogena T-Gel Shampoo
(contains 2% Coal Tar Extract)
Use TWO to THREE times weekly for up to six weeks

27
Q

Outline Seborrheic dermatitis as a scalp condiditon and what causes it

A
  • A type of skin inflammation that
    can cause severe dandruff
  • Triggered by an over-reaction to the same fungus that causes dandruff (Malasezzia)
28
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • Severe dandruff
  • Patches of red, scaly, greasy skin
  • Yellow-brown crusts formed on top of these patches
29
Q

Outline when to refer for seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • Severe scaling on the scalp that is also affecting other areas of the body
  • If the scalp appears infected
  • No response to over-the-counter antifungal treatments
30
Q

Outline a treatment option for seborrheic dermatitis and recommended dose

A

Antifungal shampoo will help to treat the overgrowth of the fungal
infection
e.g. Ketoconazole 2% Shampoo (Nizoral)
Wash the hair every 3 or 4 days -
for two to four weeks

PHAR 1054 (20 decks)

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