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PHAR 1054 > Baby care > Flashcards

Baby care Flashcards

1
Q

Outline immunisations as baby care

A
  • Protects a baby against a number of preventable diseases
  • Provides protection and lowers the chance of a disease outbreak
  • All babies and children in the UK are offered a number of vaccinations
    free of charge on the NHS
  • Different vaccinations are given as the baby grows and develops
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2
Q

Outline when immunisations are taken for children

A

weeks:
1. 6-in-1 vaccine
2. RV (rotavirus) vaccine
3. MenB Vaccine
12 weeks:
1. 6-in-1 vaccine – 2nd dose
2. PCV (pneumococcal) vaccine
3. RV (rotavirus) vaccine – 2nd dose
Immunisations
16 weeks:
1. 6-in-1 vaccine – 3rd dose
2. MenB vaccine – 2nd dose
1 year:
1. Hib/MenC vaccine – (Meningitis C 1st dose and Hib 4th dose)
2. MMR vaccine
3. PCV (pneumococcal) – 2nd dose
4. MenB vaccine – 3rd dose

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3
Q

Outline what fever is as part of baby care

A
  • A normal temperature is around 36.4⁰C in infants and young children
  • A fever is considered to be a temperature over 38⁰C
  • A raised temperature can be the sign of an illness or infection
  • Hypothalamus responsible for raising temperature
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4
Q

Outline what causes a fever

A
  • A virus, bacterial infection or heat exhaustion
  • Certain inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
  • A malignant tumour
  • Some medications, such as antibiotics and drugs used to treat high
    blood pressure or seizures
  • Some immunizations, such as the e.g diphtheria, tetanus and acellular
    pertussis (DTaP) or pneumococcal vaccine
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5
Q

Outline symptoms of a fever

A
  • Shivers
  • High temperature
  • A hot forehead
  • Poor appetite
  • Irritability
  • Lethargy
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6
Q

Outline when to refer for fever

A
  • Children under 1 (except post immunisation)
  • Fever over 38°C
  • Fever persisting 48 hours despite treatment
  • Accompanied by other symptoms that may indicate serious infection
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7
Q

Outline 1 treament option for fever

A

Paracetamol 120mg/5ml Oral Suspension
e.g calpol
- The dose of paracetamol increases in
line with increased child’s body weigh

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8
Q

Outline the dosage for this treatment option

A
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9
Q

Outline a 2nd treament option for fever

A

Ibuprofen 100mg/5ml Oral Suspension
e.g. Nurofen for children
- This suspension can be used in children from
3 months up to 12 years

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10
Q

Outline the dosage for this treatment option

A
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11
Q

Outline concers with treatment options for fever

A
  • No significant benefit other than soothing discomfit and distress if
    otherwise well
  • Parents may overuse the products because they believe they are
    helping
  • Both products have potential side effects/risks
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12
Q

Outline self care advice for fever

A
  • Encourage increased fluid intake (e.g. Breast milk)
  • Remove excess clothing (particular issue with babies)
  • Check for signs of dehydration
  • Check on the child throughout the night
  • Tepid sponging is no longer recommended but still popular
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13
Q

Outline what teething is and what causes it?

A
  • Eruption of teeth through the skin from 3 months of age
  • Primarily due to central incisor eruption
  • Can take years for all 20 teeth to erupt
  • Cells in the gums die and separate which allow teeth to protrude
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14
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of teething

A
  • The baby’s gum is sore and red where the tooth is coming through
  • One cheek is flushed
  • They are rubbing their ear
  • The baby is dribbling more than usual
  • They are gnawing and chewing on things a lot
  • They are more irritable than normal
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15
Q

Outline when to refer for teething

A
  • Treatment failure
  • If pain not relieved by tooth eruption
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15
Q

Outlline brief treatment for teething

A

-Paracetamol and Ibuprofen can help pain and ease discomfort
-Teething rings may also be considered
-it is advised the teething rings are cooled in the fridge first

16
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for teething including dosage

A
  • Anaesthetic teething gels may be considered to numb painful gums
  • This must only be considered when non-medical options have not
    provided relief
    e.g. Anbesol Teething Gel
  • Apply a pea-sized amount to the affected area
    with a clean finger tip
    Max 6 doses in 24 hours
17
Q

Outline concerns with teething

A
  • Drug treatments are often unnecessary
  • Teething often blamed for other conditions that may be missed
  • Dental hygiene
18
Q

Outline self care advice for teething

A
  • Teething rings
  • Avoid chewing items that could cause tooth damage
  • Avoid dummies where possible
  • Older children could be given healthy snacks to chew on
  • Many teething products a choking risk
19
Q

```

Outline what is colic and what causes it

A
  • Cause is still unknown affects between 5 and 20% of babies at some
    point
  • Not harmful but stressful
  • Normally occurs a few weeks after birth and may continue for 3-4
    months old
  • Most babies are irritable at some point Colic is much worse
20
Q

Outline symptoms of colic

A
  • Crying and fussing intensely for no obvious reason
  • The baby may pull their legs up to their stomach as if in pain,
    clenching their fists and arching their backs
  • Reddened face
  • Wind
21
Q

Outline when to refer for colic

A
  • Crying is persistent and doesn’t stop
  • Baby isn’t feeding or gaining weight
  • Associated with vomiting or diarrhoea
  • Colic symptoms in older infants
22
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for colic

A

Simeticone
e.g. Infacol
- Breaks up tiny bubbles of trapped air in the
baby’s stomach to form larger bubbles which
are easier to bring up

23
Q

Outline the dose for the treament option

A

Use 0.5ml before each feed
Used for up to 7 days to see if symptoms improve

24
Q

Outline self care advice for colic

A
  • Comfort the baby; sit the baby upright during feeding to prevent them
    swallowing too much air
  • Advise they gently rub the baby’s back until they burp – a small amount of milk
    may be regurgitated which is normal
  • White noise (e.g. A washing machine) as a distraction
  • If bottle feeding, use teats with larger/more holes
25
Q

Outline what is cradle crap and what causes it

A
  • Also known as seborrheic dermatitis
  • Usually appears in the first two months
  • Occurs as a result of hormonal changes
    which stimulates secretions from the
    oil glands in the skin
26
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of cradle cap

A
  • It appears as thick, yellowish
    scales on the baby’s scalp
  • It doesn’t hurt, nor is it a
    result of poor hygeine
  • Usually disappears by 12
    months
27
Q

Outline what is a nappy rash and what causes it

A
  • Rash on the skin within the area bordered by the edge of a nappy
  • Type of dermatitis
  • Contact with urine and faeces
  • Irritation
  • Soap
  • Inadequate skin care
28
Q

Outline symptoms of a nappy rash

A
  • Red, sore rash around genital area, folds of thighs and buttocks
  • Can be dry or moist and can look pimply
  • The skin can become shiney and tight with inflamed spots
  • If left untreated can develop into bacterial or fungal infections
29
Q

Outline when to refer for a nappy rash

A
  • Broken skin or severe rash
  • Signs of infection
  • Other areas outside of nappy affected
30
Q

Outline self care advice for a nappy rash

A
  • Changing the baby’s nappy frequently reduces the chances of nappy
    rash occurring
  • When changing their nappy, clean the bottom thoroughly with damp
    cotton wool and allow to dry
  • Letting the child go without a nappy for periods of time to allow air to
    the skin will also help healing
31
Q

Outline brief treatment for nappy rash

A
  • Barrier creams
  • Emollient creams
  • Antiseptic creams
  • Antifungal creams: Canesten
32
Q

Outline barrier creams

A
  • Preventative
  • Create waterproof barrier between nappy and skin
  • Applied at nappy change
  • Not a substitute for poor hygiene
33
Q

Outline emollient creams

A
  • Soothing creams
  • Useful if skin is dry as a result of a rash
34
Q

Outline antiseptic creams

A
  • Usually contain ingredients such as cetrimide and chlorhexidine
    gluconate
  • Usually used once or twice a day
  • Limited benefit and may sting
35
Q

Outline antifungal creams

A
  • Clotrimazole 1% cream
  • Effective but should only be used for infected nappy rash
  • Should be applied 2-3 times a day

PHAR 1054 (20 decks)

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