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PHAR 1054 > Coughs, colds and flu > Flashcards

Coughs, colds and flu Flashcards

1
Q

Outline what a cold is

A
  • A cold is a viral infection
  • It presents as a group of symptoms including:
  • Cough
  • Blocked/ Runny Nose
  • Congestion
  • Sore Throat
  • Sneezing
  • Mild aches and pains
  • Mild fever
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2
Q

Outline what is a cough

A
  • A cough is the bodies way of getting rid of unwanted substances from
    the airways
  • There are two different types of cough:
  • Chesty Cough
  • Dry Cough
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3
Q

Outline what causes a blocked nose(congestion)

A
  • Caused by inflamed blood vessels in the sinus
  • The inflammation blocks the nose
  • This makes the body create more mucus to try and clear the irritation
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4
Q

Outline what causes a sore throat

A
  • Often caused by a viral infection but sometimes can be bacterial
  • Can be caused by excess coughing
  • Can be caused by inflamed glands in the neck
  • Redness, swelling, painful to swallow
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5
Q

Outline when to refer for coughs and colds
(ALL PREVIOUS PART OF COUGHS AND COLDS)

A
  • Symptoms lasting longer than 3 weeks
  • Very high temperature
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Chest Pain
  • Patients who have a weakened immune system
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6
Q

Outline lifsetyle advice for treatment of coughs and colds

A
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Get plenty of rest
  • Keep warm
  • Gargle with salt water
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7
Q

Outline what is the flu

A
  • The ‘flu (actual name influenza) is a viral infection
  • More serious than the common cold
    Symptoms including: SAME AS COLD BUT WITH EXTRA
  • High Temperature
  • Aching Muscles (MORE)
  • Chills
  • Fatigue and Weakness
  • Cough(DRY)
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8
Q

Outline when to refer for flu

A
  • Symptoms that don’t improve after a week
  • Over 65s
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Pregnancy
  • Coughing up blood
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9
Q

Outline a treatment options for chesty coughs

A
  • Expectorants used for chesty coughs
  • Act by making the mucus more watery and less thick
  • Examples include:
  • Guaifenesin
  • Squill
  • Ipecacuanha
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10
Q

Outline a treatment options for dry coughs

A

Cough Suppressants used to treat DRY coughs
- Work by supressing the part of the brain that tells your body to
cough
* Examples include:
* Dextromethorphan
* Pholcodine
* Codeine

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11
Q

Outline a treatment option for chesty and dry coughs

A
  • Demulcents used to treat BOTH CHESTY AND DRY coughs, but
    mainly used for dry coughs.
  • Work by coating the throat to remove irritation
    e.g
    Honey
    Glycerin
    Syrup
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12
Q

Outline a tratment options for symptomatic relief of blocked or runny nose

A
  • Decongestants which work by narrowing the blood vessels in the nose
  • This reduces the swelling and inflammation allowing mucus to drain away more efficiently
    Examples include:
  • Pseudoephedrine
  • Phenylephrine
  • Xylometazoline
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13
Q

Outline 1 of the examples for decongestants

A

Pseudoephedrine
* Sales are restricted by law since April 2008
* Max 720mg of pseudoephedrine ( 12 x 60mg tablets) in one sale
* Max 180mg of ephedrine

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14
Q

Outline a 2nd example for decongestants

A

Phenylephrine (FOUND IN SUDAFED)
* Often found in combination
products
* Less misuse potential and less effective than
pseudoephedrine
* Available as a GSL product

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15
Q

Outline a 3rd example of decongestants

A

Xylometazoline
* Limited duration of use
and only available as spray or drops
* Suitable for use in allergic
conditions too
e.g Otrivine nnasal spray

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16
Q

Outline inhalants for blocked and runny nose

A
  • Inhaling with steam is very effective to relieve congestion
  • Place a towel over your head
  • Have a bowl of hot (but NOT BOILING) water with inhalants in
    (OLBAS OIL)
17
Q

Outline a tratment options for symptomatic relief of sore throats

A

Antiseptic Lozenges which help treat sore throats cased by bacteria (STREPSILS)
* Contain simple antiseptics
* Examples include:
* Amylmetacresol
* Benzalkonium
* Chlorhexidine

18
Q

Outline a 2nd tratment options for symptomatic relief of sore throats

A

Local Anaesthetics which work by numbing the pain in the throat (TRYOZETS)
* Examples Include:
* Benzocaine
* Lidocaine

19
Q

Outline analgesics in relation to sore throats

A

Traditional analgesics can help to reduce the pain of a sore throat including:
* Paracetamol
* Ibuprofen
* Aspirin
* Flurbiprofen

20
Q

Outline combination products
(LEMSIP)

A
  • Many products with multiple ingredients in, treating
    different symptoms
  • Convenient but more likely to interact with other
    condition/medicines
  • Also increases the risk of overdose e.g. paracetamol
21
Q

Outline coughs and colds in children

A

PHAR 1054 (20 decks)

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