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PHAR 1054 > Foot care and oral health > Flashcards

Foot care and oral health Flashcards

1
Q

Outline verrucae as foot care

A
  • Appear as flattened, discrete
    lesions
  • On the ball of the foot,
    underside of the big toe or heel
  • They can present either alone or
    in clusters
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2
Q

Outline what causes verrucae

A
  • Caused by the Human Papilloma Virus
  • Will get into the skin through a cut or minor abrasion
  • Characterised by tiny black dots under the hard skin
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3
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of verrucae

A
  • The small black visible dots are NOT the ‘root’ of the verruca, but are
    caused by bleeding in small blood vessels
  • Verrucas can be tender when squeezed and may cause discomfort if
    they press on nerves whilst walking
  • They can be spread from person to person through contaminated
    surfaces or through close skin contact
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4
Q

Outline when to refer for verrucas

A
  • If unsure whether or not growth on the skin is a verruca
  • The verruca keeps coming back once treated
  • If the verruca is very painful
  • If the verruca bleeds or changes in appearance
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5
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for verrucas

A
  • Salicylic Acid
  • Works by softening the hard skin
    growth, making it easier to remove
    with a pumice stone or emery board
  • They also help kill the Human
    Papilloma Virus
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6
Q

Outline the dosage for the treatment options

A

Bazuka Gel: - Contains Salicylic Acid 12% gel and Lactic Acid 4% gel
* Apply once daily at night to the lesion

Bazuka gel extra strength: - contains 26% salicylic acid (over 16s only)
* Apply once daily at night to the lesion

Plasters and paints less effective

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7
Q

Outline another treatment option for verrucas

A
  • Freeze treatments which claim to have a similar effect to medical cryotherapy
  • In reality much less effective
    hydrocarbon/propellant mix which
    ‘freezes’ the skin
  • Not very popular and expensive
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8
Q

Outline the dosage for the treatment options

A

Bazuka sub zero
* Apply applicator should work with 10 days

Scholl freeze verruca and wart remover
* Apply applicator for 30-40 seconds
* Should work within 10-14 days

Excilor
* Combination freeze spray and gel treatment
* ‘clinical trial’ conducted on 16 people

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9
Q

Outline self care advice for verrucas

A

Wash your hands after touching a wart or verruca
Change your socks daily if you have a verruca
Cover verrucas with a plaster if swimming

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10
Q

Outline athlete’s foot as foot care

A
  • Common skin infection of the foot
  • Flourishes between the toes
  • Highly contagious and is passed on by
    small pieces of affected skin shed
    from the feet
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11
Q

Outline what causes athletes foot

A
  • Caused by overgrowth of tinea pedis
  • A dermatophyte fungal infections
  • Usually caught by walking barefoot in areas where an infected person
    has walked
  • Communal changing rooms at swimming pools and gyms common
    sources
  • Can catch from direct skin contact
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12
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of athlete’s foot

A
  • Symptoms usually appear first between the fourth and the fifth toes
  • The affected skin appears red and itchy, later becoming white, inflamed
    and weepy
  • The affected skin may crack and peel
    Infection may spread
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13
Q

Outline when to refer for the athletes foot

A
  • If treatment from the pharmacy doesn’t work
  • If you are experiencing a lot of discomfort
  • The foot is red, hot and painful
  • If the patient has diabetes
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14
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for the athletes foot

A

Antifungals

Undecanoates: Oldest and least
effective treatments available

Imidazole antifungals:
Range of products available all
effective

Terbinafine: effective if
expensive treatment

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15
Q

Outline the doses recommended for this treatment

A

Lamisil AT 1% Gel/cream: - Contains Terbinafine 1%Gel/cream
* Apply daily for a week

Lamisil once:- contains 1% Terbinafine cutaneous solution
* Single dose treatment

undecanoate antifungals available in cream and spray (mycota,generic)
* Apply twice daily for a week after symptoms have cleared

  • Miconazole cream: - contains miconazole nitrate
  • Used for 10 days after symptoms have cleared
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16
Q

Outline self care advice for athlete’s foot

A
  • Dry your feet after washing them, particularly between your toes – dab
    them dry rather than rubbing them
  • Use a separate towel for your feet and wash it regularly
  • Take your shoes off when at home
  • Wear clean socks every day – cotton socks are the best
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17
Q

Ouutline corns and calluses as foot care

A
  • Corns are caused by running
    or pressure from ill-fitting shoes:
  • Calluses are caused by friction and
    pressure when the skin rubs
    against shoes or the ground
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18
Q

Outline what causes corns and callses

A
  • Wearing high heels, uncomfortable shoes or shoes that are the
    wrong size
  • Not wearing socks with shoes
  • Lifting heavy weights
  • Playing a musical instrument
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19
Q

Outline when to refer for corns and calluses

A
  • If the patient has diabetes
  • If you have heart disease or problems with circulation
  • If the corn/callus bleeds or has any discharge
  • If they have not improved after three weeks of treatment
  • The pain is severe or stopping you doing your normal activities
20
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for corns and calluses

A

Scholl 2 in 1 Corn Express Pen
- Acts as a moisturing cream to soften
the hardened skin
- Use daily
- Results can be seen within 5 days

21
Q

Outline a 2nd treatment option for corns and calluses

A

Pain relief/ pressure pads are also recommended
- some may be medicated to help soften the corn
- some will cushion the area and relieve painful shoe pressure and
friction

22
Q

Outline self care advice for corns and calluses

A
  • Wear thick, cushioned socks
  • Wear wide, comfortable shoes with a low heel and soft sole that does
    not rub
  • Use soft insoles or heel pads in your shoes
  • Soak in warm water to soften them
23
Q

Outline plantar fasciitis as foot care

A
  • Pain on the bottom of the foot around the heel and arch
  • Caused by straining the part of your foot that connects your heel bone
    to your toes (plantar fascia)
24
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of plantar fasciitis

A
  • The pain is worse when a person starts walking or after resting
  • The pain feels better after exercising but comes back when resting
  • It is difficult to raise the toes off of the floor
25
Q

Outline what not to do if you have plantar fasciitis

A
  • Do not take ibuprofen for the first 48 hours
  • Do not walk or stand for long periods
  • Do not wear high heels or tight pointy shoes
  • Do not wear flip-flops or backless slippers
  • Try not to walk bear foot on hard surfaces
26
Q

Outline when to refer for plantar fasciitis

A
  • The pain is severe or stopping the person from doing normal activities
  • The pain is getting worse/recurrent
  • The pain has not improved after treating it for two weeks
  • Any tingling or loss of feeling in the foot
  • Diabetic patients
27
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for plantar fasciitis

A
  • Pain relief (for example Paracetamol and Ibuprofen (after 48 hours))
  • Soft insoles or heel pads can also be placed inside shoes to ease
    discomfort
28
Q

Outline self care advice for plantar fasciitis

A
  • Rest and raise your foot on a stool when you can
  • Use an ice pack on the painful area for up to 20 minutes every 2 to 3
    hours
  • Use soft in soles or heel pads in your shoes
  • Regular gentle stretching exercises
29
Q

Outline mouth ulcer as oral health

A
  • Can appear inside the cheeks and
    on the gums, tongue or roof of
    the mouth
  • A sufferer can get up to six at a time
    They are not contagious
30
Q

Outline what causes mouth ulvers

A
  • Hormonal changes
  • Genetics
  • Vitamin B12/Iron deficiency
  • Side effects of certain medicines
  • Smoking
31
Q

Outline a treatment option for mouth ulcers

A
  • Mouth ulcers are common and should clear up on their own within a
    week or two
  • Mouth ulcers need time to heal and there is no quick fix
  • Avoiding things that irritate your mouth ulcer will help speed up the
    healing process, reduce pain and reduce the chance of them
    returning
32
Q

Outline when to refer for mouth ulcers

A
  • If the mouth ulcer has lasted longer than three weeks
  • If the mouth ulcer keeps returning
  • If it becomes painful and red
33
Q

Outline treatment options for mouth ulcers

A
  • Antiseptic pastilles
  • Anti-inflammatory gels and
  • Topical anaesthetics can be recommended
  • Most not suitable for children
34
Q

Outline dosages for the treament options

A

Orajel Dental Gel – Benzocaine 10% w/w
Contains Apply a pea-sized amount to the affected area up to four times
a day as required

Bonjela gel:– choline salicylate 87% and cetakonium chloride
Apply to the sore are every 3 hours for up to 7 days
Not suitable for under 16s

Mouth ulcer pastilles:- Benzalkonium Chloride Solution 1.11 mg and
Compound Benzoin Tincture 8.06 mg. (generic)
Not particularly effective but suitable for over 3s

35
Q

Outline self care advice for mouth ulcers

A
  • Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
  • Drink cool drinks through a straw
  • Eat softer foods
  • Get regular dental check-ups
  • Eat a healthy, balanced diet
36
Q

Outline oral thrush as oral health

A
  • Caused by the fungus Candida Albicans
  • Causes lesions – usually on the tongue or cheeks, that are white in
    colour
37
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of oral thrush

A
  • White, creamy lesions appearing anywhere in the mouth
  • New pains during regular mouth motions
  • Bleeding if lesions are scraped or rubbed
  • Loss of taste when eating or drinking and dry mouth
38
Q

Outline when to refer for oral thrush

A
39
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for oral thrush and dose

A

*Antifungal Oral Gel to inhibit growth of fungus like
Daktarin Oral Gel: Contains Miconazole 2% Gel
Apply four times daily after meals: Keep the gel in the mouth for as
long as possible before swallowing
Continue treatment for at least 7 days after symptoms have disappeared

40
Q

Outline self care advice for oral thrush

A
  • Brush teeth twice daily
  • Brush your gums and tongue with a soft toothbrush
  • Attend regular dental check ups
  • Stop smoking
41
Q

Outline cold sores as oral health

A
  • One of the worlds most common
    infections
  • Caused by virus herpes simplex
    (HSV)
  • Self limiting but products available
    to treat
  • Triggered by wind, sunlight,
    menstruation, trauma, stress and
    being ‘run down
42
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of cold sores and the 4 stages

A
  • Occur most commonly on the lips and surrounding skin
  • Start off as small fluid filled blisters
  • Burst and crust over indicating end of infection cycle
  • Symptoms usually last 10 days
    Four stages of symptoms
  • Tingle (prodromal stage)
  • Blister
  • Weeping
  • Scabbing
43
Q

Outline when to refer for cold sores

A
  • Duration longer than 2 weeks
  • Failure to resolve with or without treatment
  • Painless sores
  • Babies and young children
    *Immunocompromised patients
  • Patients with symptoms elsewhere
44
Q

Outline treatment options for cold sores and dose

A

*Astringents
*Antiviral creams
* Electronic devices

*Aciclovir 2g cream
*Apply 5 times a day
* Suitable for adults and children
*Only to be used on the mouth
and face

45
Q

Outline self care advice for cold sores

A

*Wash hands before and after application
* Try to identify triggers and avoid
* Sunscreen lip balms are a good idea if triggered by sunlight
*Avoid dehydration
*Avoid kissing and oral sex during all phases
*Avoid touching the cold sore
*Apply cream with a dabbing motion, rubbing the cream in may make
it spread
*Don’t share anything that goes in your mouth

PHAR 1054 (20 decks)

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