First aid Flashcards
Outline primary assessment FIRST AID acronym
Danger
Response
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Outline D and R of DR ABC
**D **
Assess the situation to ensure that what has happened to the patient
can not happen to you
Things to consider include:
* Electricity, gas, fire, traffic
R
* Ask the patient “Are you ok?”
* If there is no response, you can pinch their ear lobe or shake their
shoulders (gently!)
* If still no response, dial 999 and let
them know you have an
unresponsive patient
Outline A of DR ABC
If the patient is unresponsive, tilt their head back and lift their chin
- This will open their airway if airway not open and clear
Outline B of DR ABC
- Airways and breathing different
- Look at the chest to see if rising and falling normally
- Listen for signs of breathing
- Feel air being expelled onto your cheek
- Bring your cheek to their mouth and look towards their
- If unresponsive and not breathing
call 999 and start CPR
Outline C of DR ABC
- If there are signs of bleeding and its severe, you will need to stop it
- Apply pressure with a dressing or gauze:
Consider wearing gloves
Outline secondary assessment of FIRST AID
- Once you have completed DR ABC and you are satisfied that the
patient does not need urgent medical attention, you can move on to
the secondary assessment - Ask the patient what happened
- Ask anyone with the patient what happened
- Ask onlookers what happened
Outline the acronym for secondary system
Allergies
Medication
Previous medical history
Last meal
Event history
Outline 1 other part of ssecondary assessment
Symptoms -
Have they got any pain & is it constant?
Is it triggered by movement of an appendage?
What type of pain being experienced?
Outline another part of secondary assessment
Examination -
> Should be completed ‘head to toe’
Signs to look out for include:
* Concussion
* Blood from any orifice
* Loss of feeling
* Shock
* Blue lips
Outline the last part of secondary assessment
Concussion
- Assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- This scale assesses the level of impairment of conscious level response
in defined stimuli
Outline the glasgow coma scale
1) Eyes – open, responsive to sound, responsive to lights
2) Verbal – confused speech, using words in the right order, able to
identify where they are, what score is in a sport
3) Motor – can obey commands? Is movement limited to stimulus
If head trauma – use Glasgow Coma Scale
Outline CPR – Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
- Involves chest compressions to maintain perfusion of blood around the
body - Works by pushing the heart against the spine to push blood around so patient stays alive
- Can also involve ‘rescue breaths’
Outline how to do CPR
- CPR is started after completion of the primary assessment (DR ABC)
and the patient is unresponsive and not breathing - Usually 30 chest compressions at rate of 100-120 per minute
- Then give two rescue breaths
- This is known as 30:2
Outline CPR but in adults which is pretty much the same anyway
- Open their airway and kneel near to the patient
- Arms straight in line with your shoulders
- Heel of palm in centre of chest, fingers interlocked
- Aim to compress the chest
approximately 5-6cm
Outline the rescue breath of CPR
- Watch for vomit, blood, spread of disease
- It is perfectly acceptable to perform compression only CPR
- Face mask can be used
Outline types of auto injectors
Auto-injectors include:
Epipen, Anapen, Jext, Emerade
- Training pens are available to practice
before hand
