SKIN 78, 79 Flashcards
CUTANEOUS CIRCULATION IN DOGS AND CATS
- SUBCUTANEOUS (DEEP) PLEXUS
- CUTANEOUS (MIDDLE) PLEXUS
- SUBPAPILLARY (SUPERFICIAL) PLEXUS
HUMAN VS DOG CAT SKIN VASCULARIZATION
- musculocutaneous arteries perpendicular to the skin.
- direct cutaneous arteries
all vessels in the skin of dogs and cats approach and travel parallel to the skin and are direct cutaneous arteries.2 Dogs and other loose-skinned animals lack musculocutaneous vessels
1
CAUDAL AURICOLAR
- Flap length:* spine of scapula
- Dorsal and ventral incisions:* parallel from base centered over lateral cervical region
- Flap base:* depression between wing of atlas and vertical ear canal
2
CARVICAL CUTANEOUS BRANCH OF THE OMOCERVICAL
- Flap length:* variable, contralateral shoulder
- Cranial incision:* parallel to the caudal incision and equidistant to cranial scapular edge
- Caudal incision:* from acromion dorsally over scapular spine
7 DAYS AFTER WOUND CAT VS DOG
50% STRENGHTH IN CAT COMPARED WITH DOGS
SUCCESS RATE AXIAL PATTERN FLAPS
87-100%
3
THORACODORSAL
Cranial incision: from acromion dorsally over scapular spine
Caudal incision: parallel to the cranial incision and equidistant to caudal scapular edge
Flap length: variable, contralateral shoulder
8
SUPERFICIAL BRACHIAL
- Flap length:* distal to greater tubercle
- Lateral and medial incisions:* parallel from base dorsally, tapering together
- Flap base:* centered over dorsal third of elbow’s flexor surface
6
DEEP CIRCUMFLEX
DORSAL
- Flap length:* dorsal to contralateral flank fold
- Cranial incision:* parallel to the caudal and equidistant to the iliac wing
- Caudal incision:* begins midway between the ilium and greater trochanter extending dorsally
- Flap base:* cranioventral edge of wing of ilium
VENTRAL
- Flap length:* proximal to the patella
- Cranial incision:* parallel to the caudal
- Caudal incision:* begins midway between the ilium and greater trochanter extending ventrally cranial to the femoral shaft
- Flap base:* cranioventral edge of wing of ilium
4
CAUDAL SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC
- Flap length:* may include last teats 2 to 5
- Lateral incision:* parallel to medial incision equidistant to teats
- Medial incision:* abdominal midline
7
lateral caudal
- Flap length:* variable; third or fourth intervertebral space
- Incision:* dorsal or ventral midline incision
- Flap base:* base of tail
5
genicular
- Flap length:* distal to greater trochanter
- Dorsal and ventral incisions:* parallel from base along femoral shaft
- Flap base:* 1 cm proximal to patella and 1.5 cm distal to tibial tuberosity on lateral aspect of leg
SKIN GRAFT can also be named
FREE GRAFT. it is used to distinguish from skin flaps, also referred as FLAP GRAFTS
CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN GRAFTS
- AUTOGRAFTS
- ALLOGRAFTS (HOMOGRAFTS): SAME SPECIES
- XENOGRAFTS: DIFFERENT SPECIES
- ISOGRAFTS: IDENTICAL TWINS OR F1 HIBRIDS
IDEAL DONOR SITE FOR GRAFTING
- HAIR SAME COLOUR, TEXTURE, LENGTH
- EASE OF CLOSURE
- PATIEN POSITIONING (BEST WITHOUT THE NEED TO REPOSITION)
- SKIN THICKNESS
SKIN THICKNESS PRO AND CONS
- PRO: THICKER PROVIDE A GREATER DEGREE OF PROTECTION
- CONS: GREATER DISTANCE FOR O2 DIFFUSIONAND NUTRIENTS TRAVEL
COMMON CAUSES OF GRAFT FAILURE
- SEPARATION FROM THE GRANULATION BED
- INFECTION
- MOVEMENT
BANDAGES FOR SKIN GRAFT
- CHANGE AT LEASTLAYER EVERY 24-48 H
- WIDE MESH NONADHERENT CELLULOSE ACETATE PAD AD PRIMARY LAYER
- IMMOBILIZATION OF THE AFFECTED AREA! MAYBE USE A SPLINT
PHASES OF ENGRAFTMENT
- PLASMATIC IMBIBITION
- INOSCULATION
- REVASCULARIZATION
SPLIT-THICKNESS GRAFTS
- FREE HAND CUTTING
- DERMATOME
FULL THICKNESS MESH GRAFT
- ALLOW DRAINAGE
- COVER LARGER SKIN DEFECTS
- IRREGULAR SURFACES (CONVEX-CONCAVE)
USUALLY DONE BY HAND. TRACTION OF THE SKIN AND RMOVE ALL OF THE SUBCOUTANEOUS TISSUE! (COBBLESTONE APPEARANCE)
MESH GRAFTS CAN BE PREPARED ALSO FROM SPLIT-THICKNESS GRAFTS T OR F
TRUE
FULL TICKNESS GRAFTS CAN BE DONE WITHOUT MESHING AND WITHOUT DRAINAGE
FALSE. IF NO MESH A DRAINAGE SHOULD BE PLACED.
OTHER TYPES OF SKIN GRAFTS
- PINCH AND PUNCH ISLAND GRAFTS
- STRIP GRAFTS
- STAMP GRAFTS (SQUARES OF 5 MM -2 CM SIDES WITH 1 MM TO 1 CM SPACING BEETWEEN EACH OTHER
- PAW PAD GRAFTS
- MUCOSAL: OBTAINED FROM BUCCAL OR SUBLINGUAL MUCOSA