MEDICAL CONDITIONS SPINAL: 30 Flashcards
Examples of nutritional disorders that can affect the spinal cord
-thiamine deficiency
-secondary hyperparatiroidism
-hypervitaminosis A
SPINAL CORD TRAUMA: Many patients will display ………….. of the affected area. Worsening of edema (associated with secondary injury) may lead to …………………. for a short period of ………………….
hyperesthesia
progression of neurologic signs
24 to 72 hours
Max amount of CSF collection
1 ml per 5Kg
What is the meaning of Xanthocromia in the CSF
is a yellow or straw-tinged color of cerebro spinal fluid. From hemorrhage (hemoglobin).
Cutoff values for cellular count in CSF
between 0 and 5 WBC x uL
pleyocitosis (>500/uL) should see cloudy
typical location of degenerative myelopathy
T3 - L3. Usually exxagerated reflex (upper motor neuron)
percentage of dogs with degenerative mielopathy with loss of patellar reflex
10-20%
describe genetic risk factor for degenerative myelopathy
missense mutation in SOD1 (superoxide dismutase) gene
pembroke corgis usually have a faster progression of degenerative myelophaty than other breeds T or F
False, mean duration of 19 months VS 6-9 (non ambulatory) months other breeds.
signalment+clinical signs of dogs with SRMA
medium-large breed, 6-18 months (74% less 1 year).
hyperestesia depression and pyrexia
diagnosis of SRMA
marked polymorphonuclear (nondegenerative neutrophils) pleocytosis, in addition to elevated protein and variable red blood cells
elevated IgA serum + CSF
Bacterial culture NEGATIVE!!
SRMA therapy
2 mg/Kg/die prednisone, 3/4 weeks before beginning tapering
STOP 6 months after normalization of CSF and resolution clinical signs
granulomatous meningomyelitis: signalment and clinical signs
GME can manifest in three clinicopathologic forms: ocular (least common), focal, and multifocal/disseminated (most common form).
It can occur in both large and small breed dogs with a variable age range. The clinical signs reflect the location of the lesion and can occur anywhere in the central nervous system. Pain, seizures and cerebellovestibular dysfunction are seen most commonly.
MUE: explain the acronym and pathologies involved
BASED ON HYSTOPATHOLOGY!!!
1) granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)
2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME)
3) necrotizing leukocencephalitis (NLE)
4) steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA)
multimodal treatement for MUE
cytosine arabinoside and cyclosporine in combination with prednisone as adjunctive thepapy / also procarbazine, leflunomide, mycophenolate
common protozoal meningoencephaloyelitis
toxoplasma or neospora
most commonly isolated bacterial from discospondylitis
staphylococcus and e.coli
ethiopatogenesis of discospondylitis
hematogenous or lymphatic spread of bacteria
performing urine and blood culture is the only diagnostic necessary for discospondylitis diagnosis. T or F
F: intervertebral disc aspiration 60% blood + urine combined more than 40%.
fibrocartilagineous embolic myelopathy: signalment and clinical signs
midsized to large-breed dogs
nonpainful, transient discomfort, which typically resolves rapidly
Neurologic signs are related to the segment of the spinal cord affected L4-S3 (44% to 50%) and T3-L3 (37% to 42%
describe the phenomenon spinal shock
reduced tone and withdrawal reflex in pelvic limb even with a T3 L3 lesion.
All dogs with fibrocartilagineous embolic myelopathy have MRI signs T or F
False, 21% had no detectable lesions (MRI timing or severity?)
measure for prognosis after fibrocartilagineous embolic myelopathy MRI
lesion-to-vertebral length ratio was
≥ 2 had an unsuccessful outcome
≤ 2 100% had a successful outcome
