MEDICAL CONDITIONS SPINAL: 30

Question 1

Examples of nutritional disorders that can affect the spinal cord

Answer 1

-thiamine deficiency
-secondary hyperparatiroidism
-hypervitaminosis A

Question 2

SPINAL CORD TRAUMA: Many patients will display ………….. of the affected area. Worsening of edema (associated with secondary injury) may lead to …………………. for a short period of ………………….

Answer 2

hyperesthesia
progression of neurologic signs
24 to 72 hours

Question 3

Max amount of CSF collection

Answer 3

1 ml per 5Kg

Question 4

What is the meaning of Xanthocromia in the CSF

Answer 4

is a yellow or straw-tinged color of cerebro spinal fluid. From hemorrhage (hemoglobin).

Question 5

Cutoff values for cellular count in CSF

Answer 5

between 0 and 5 WBC x uL
pleyocitosis (>500/uL) should see cloudy

Question 6

typical location of degenerative myelopathy

Answer 6

T3 - L3. Usually exxagerated reflex (upper motor neuron)

Question 7

percentage of dogs with degenerative mielopathy with loss of patellar reflex

Answer 7

10-20%

Question 8

describe genetic risk factor for degenerative myelopathy

Answer 8

missense mutation in SOD1 (superoxide dismutase) gene

Question 9

pembroke corgis usually have a faster progression of degenerative myelophaty than other breeds T or F

Answer 9

False, mean duration of 19 months VS 6-9 (non ambulatory) months other breeds.

Question 10

signalment+clinical signs of dogs with SRMA

Answer 10

medium-large breed, 6-18 months (74% less 1 year).

hyperestesia depression and pyrexia

Question 11

diagnosis of SRMA

Answer 11

marked polymorphonuclear (nondegenerative neutrophils) pleocytosis, in addition to elevated protein and variable red blood cells

elevated IgA serum + CSF

Bacterial culture NEGATIVE!!

Question 12

SRMA therapy

Answer 12

2 mg/Kg/die prednisone, 3/4 weeks before beginning tapering

STOP 6 months after normalization of CSF and resolution clinical signs

Question 13

granulomatous meningomyelitis: signalment and clinical signs

Answer 13

GME can manifest in three clinicopathologic forms: ocular (least common), focal, and multifocal/disseminated (most common form).

It can occur in both large and small breed dogs with a variable age range. The clinical signs reflect the location of the lesion and can occur anywhere in the central nervous system. Pain, seizures and cerebellovestibular dysfunction are seen most commonly.

Question 14

MUE: explain the acronym and pathologies involved

Answer 14

BASED ON HYSTOPATHOLOGY!!!

1) granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)
2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME)
3) necrotizing leukocencephalitis (NLE)
4) steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA)

Question 15

multimodal treatement for MUE

Answer 15

cytosine arabinoside and cyclosporine in combination with prednisone as adjunctive thepapy / also procarbazine, leflunomide, mycophenolate

Question 16

common protozoal meningoencephaloyelitis

Answer 16

toxoplasma or neospora

Question 17

most commonly isolated bacterial from discospondylitis

Answer 17

staphylococcus and e.coli

Question 18

ethiopatogenesis of discospondylitis

Answer 18

hematogenous or lymphatic spread of bacteria

Question 19

performing urine and blood culture is the only diagnostic necessary for discospondylitis diagnosis. T or F

Answer 19

F: intervertebral disc aspiration 60% blood + urine combined more than 40%.

Question 20

fibrocartilagineous embolic myelopathy: signalment and clinical signs

Answer 20

midsized to large-breed dogs

nonpainful, transient discomfort, which typically resolves rapidly

Neurologic signs are related to the segment of the spinal cord affected L4-S3 (44% to 50%) and T3-L3 (37% to 42%

Question 21

describe the phenomenon spinal shock

Answer 21

reduced tone and withdrawal reflex in pelvic limb even with a T3 L3 lesion.

Question 22

All dogs with fibrocartilagineous embolic myelopathy have MRI signs T or F

Answer 22

False, 21% had no detectable lesions (MRI timing or severity?)

Question 23

measure for prognosis after fibrocartilagineous embolic myelopathy MRI

Answer 23

lesion-to-vertebral length ratio was
≥ 2 had an unsuccessful outcome
≤ 2 100% had a successful outcome