MALE REPRODUCTIVE: 111, 112, 113 Flashcards
what structures does the spermatic cord contains?
-ductus deferens + artery and vein associated
-testicular artery
-pampiniform plexus
-lymphatic vessels
-nerves
-cremaster muscle
vascular supply to the testes
ARTERY: testicular artery and ductus deferens arteries to testie and epidydimis. L and R testicular artery arise from ventral aorta ventral to 4th lumbar vertebra.
VEINS: right testicular vein drains CVC, left into left renal vein
name the 3 different cell types of the testis and their function
- spermatogenic: produce spermatovytes
-sertoli: development+maturation spermatozoa, control release into lumen
-leydig: producing testosterone
name externally to internally all the outer layer ot the scrotum-testis
1) skin + tunica dartos
2) ext spermatic fascia
3) int spermatic fascia
4) parietal vaginal tunic
5) vaginal cavity
6) visceral vaginal tunic
7) tonaca albuginea
how to differentiate an anorchid or bilateral cryptorchid dog from a castrated dog
testosterone: after hCG administration males with testicles have a rapid rise in testosterone levels.
time to testicles descending
30-40 days (beagle study). there might be some delays, so definitive diagnosis at 6 months
reported % of criptorchid testis neoplasia
9,2% 10,9%, 13,6%
what tumor might present a feminilization syndrome in dog
most commonly sertoli (16-39%) but occasionally also interstitial cell tumor and leydig
describe the physiopatological mechanism behind feminization syndrome
estrogen concentration are NON elevated. but there is a decrease in testosterone, LH and FSH. so it is tought to be related to decrease in estradiol/testosterone ratio.
does castration reduce the risk for prostatic cancer? why?
no because most of the prostatic tumors are not androgen dependent
in comparison to srotal or prescrotal orchiectomy, what of the 2 develop more post-op licking and self traumatizing?
1.9 more frequent self traumatizing in pre-scrotal castration
why you shouldn’t use a small incision+spay hook during abdominal cryptorchid orchiectomy?
reported case of partial prostatic, ureteral and urethral avulsion
what drugs could be used in greyhounds that are prone to post-op hemorrage due to enhanced fibrinolysis?
aminocaproic acid
anatomy of corpus spongiosum and caveronsum
-corpus spongiusum originate from pelvic cavity, is around the urethra.
-corpus cavernosum arise from ishial tuberosity and continue dorso laterally to the os penis and body of the penis
name the 4 muscles of the penis
-bulbospongiosus
-retractor penis
-ischiouretralis
-ischiocavernosus
most common breed associated with hypospadia
boston terrier
vascularization of the prostate gland
ARTERIES: from internal pudendal or more proximally from umbilical arteries at level S2-S3. divides in cranial middle and caudal.
VIEINS: collaterals
prostatic innervation
pelvic nerves (parasympatethic)
hypogastruc nerves (sympatethic)
they join to form the pelvic plexus
ANATOMY: dorsal to the prostate gland
in prostatic hyperplasia, is prostatic enlargment associated with increased quantity of dihydrotestosterone?
no, it is associated to a increased number of receptors for dihydrotestosterone. it is tought that at the base of the augmented dimensions, there is not an increased cell proliferation but instead a decreased cell mortality
mineralization on RX of the prostate gland could be associated with neoplastic desease?
yes. in intact dogs could also be aspecific. in castrated dogs is likely to be associated with neoplastic desease.
mosto common implicated organism in prostatic infection
E. Coli
metastases rates in prostatic cancer
80% metastases (LN, lungs, skeletal). up to 20% axial skeletal metastases
what region in prostatic surgery should be avoided to not damage nerves or vascular supply?
dorsal region
name 4 surgical option for the treatement of prostatic abscessation
- marsupialization
- ventral drainage (passive or active)
- omentalization
- partial prostatectomy
