FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE: 109, 110 Flashcards
name the 3 main ligaments of the Ovarium and Uterus
-CRANIAL: ovary suspensory ligament
-CAUDALLY: proper ligament (continues frome the suspensory ligament and attaches to cranial end of each uterine horn. is continuos with round ligament of the uterus)
-broad ligament (cranial portion attaches also to ovaries and is called mesovarium)
vascularization of the ovaries
ARTERIES: paired ovarian arteries arise from aorta (CD to renal arteries, CR to deep circumflex)
VEINS: right drains CVC, left drains in to left renal vein
uterus vascularization
anastomoses beetween uterine and ovaries artery
uterine artery originate from vaginal artery that originates from internal pudendal artery (from internal iliac)
if you have a queen (cat) with external vulva edema and inflammation is it possible the cause is the proestrus-estrus?
no: queens vulva is not responsive to extrogen
due to the preovulatory rise in progesterone in the bitch, how can we predict the gestation period in dogs?
calculated from the day the progesteron level rise 1.5 ng/ml, the partuition will take place on 65 +- 3 days
when is possible to detect fetal skeleton radiographically?
by day 42
to predict the partuition time, how much does plasma progesterone has to decrease?
below 2-3 ng/ml 18-30 hours before partuition
how many stages is the partuition composed of?
3 stages:
1) externally non visible uterine contraction
2) expulsion of fetus (visible abdominal contraction)
3) expulsion of placenta (visible abdominal contraction)
how to predict the partuition date in cats?
the first day plasma progesterone rise above 2.5 ng/ml, the partuition will take place in 63-66 days.
what breed seems to be predispose to post-op hemorrage?
greyhounds. seem to be related to inappropriate fibrinolysis
difference beetween canine and feline ovarian tumors
CANINE: 40-50% are epithelial, papillary tumors can be bilateral. most common are sex cord stromal tumors (granulosa cell tumor, up to 20% metastatize). tecomas are the benign form of granulosa cell tumors
FELINE: more commonly reported se cord stromal tumor, 50% ot GCT are maligant in cats
most common isolated bacteria in pyometra
e.coli, others pasteurella, pseudomonas, proteus, klebsiella, streptococcus, enterobacter.
e coli adheres to receptors in the progesterone-stimulated endometrium
clinical signs of acute metritis
T°> 40 that last for 24 to 48 hours after partum, or clinical signs of illness within 1 week of partus
prevalence of uterine prolapse in dogs and cats
rare in dogs, really infrequent in cats
medical treatement of canine pyometra
- proftaglandin F2alpha. induces relaxation of the cervix and contraction of myometrium
-dopamine agonista (cabergolina) + AB
-GnRH antagonist + AB
-progesterone receptor antagonist + AB
patophysiologic mechanism of primary uterine inertia
inability to secrete adequate PGF2alpha.
how to diagnose Dystocia
-prolonged gestation
-lack of progression from stage 1 to stage 2 within 12-24 h
-failure to deliver pups within 36 hours of rectal temperature falling below 37.8°
-signs of toxemia
most common canine uterus tumor
usually mesenchimal and benign (leyomioma)
where does the urethral tubercole enters the vagina?
approximately 1 cm caudal to the vestibulovaginal junction
vascularization of the vagina, urethra and vestibule
branches of the vaginal artery (from internal pudendal)
vascularization of the vulva
branches of the external pudendal artery
surgical steps to perform a ventral approach to intrapelvic viscera
1) median incision
2) adductor and gracilis muscles elevated from the pubis and ischium to expose the pelvis symphisis
3) bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomies
4) internal obturator muscle elevate from one internal face of the bone-flap created, to flip the segment laterally
embriologic origin of vaginal septum and imperforated hymen
A) retained epithelial tissue at the point of fusion of the paired paramesonephric ducts (in a saggital plane)
B) retained epithelial tissue at the point at the transverse point of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus.
is urinary incontinence common in dogs with vestibulo-vaginal stenotic lesions?
yes, altough those congenital abnormalities usually are not the primary cause of the urinary incontinence.
name a common malformation associated with rectovaginal fistulas
atresia ani
anovulvar cleft embryologic origin
failure of fusion beetween dorsal urogenital folds
is juvenile vulva associated with prepuberal ovariectomy?
it seem that the prevalence of this condition is identical beetween intact dogs and prepuberal spayed dogs
describe the difference beetween vaginal edema and vaginal prolapse
vaginal edema is a mass of edematous tissue that arise from the ventral floor of the vagina, cranial to urethral tubercole, under the influence of estrogens in late proestrus or estrus
true vaginal prolapse (360°) is really uncommon and can be differentiated from vaginal edema by finger palpation
most common neoplasia of the vagina
leyomiona