Skin

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Answer 1

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Hypodermis

Question 2

What is the hypodermis made up of?

Answer 2

• Adipose

- Loose connective Tissue

Question 3

Name 3 functions of the hypodermis

Answer 3

• Energy store
• Insulation
• Shock absorber
• Connects skin to underlying muscles and bones
• Makes hormones to control hunger (leptin)

Question 4

What is an alternative name for the dermis and what are its 3 layers?

Answer 4

• Corium
• Papillary
• Reticular
• Dermal Papillae

Question 5

State 1 function of the dermis

Answer 5

• Contains hairs and sweat glands
• Sensory structures
• Gives structure to the skin

Question 6

How many layers are in the epidermis and what cell proliferates it?

Answer 6

4-5 layers

- Keratinocytes

Question 7

Name 2 functions of the epidermis

Answer 7

• Prevents water loss and bacteria entry
• Presents pathogens to immune cells
• Keratin synthesis
• Prevents tissue loss from abrasion

Question 8

Name 2 of the 5 epidermal layers

Answer 8

• Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum Granulosam
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Basale

Question 9

What layer of the epidermis is not always present?

Answer 9

Stratum Lucidum

Question 10

What does the Stratum Corneum contain and in which location is it thicker?

Answer 10

• Contains dead keratinocytes

- Thick on palms and soles

Question 11

What epithelial cells are found in the epidermal layers?

Answer 11

• Stratified squamous
• Cuboidal epithelium
• Tall columnar epithelium

Question 12

Which epidermal layer is the first with Golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

Stratum Spinosam

Question 13

What assembles and secretes keratin fibrils?

Answer 13

Lamellar bodies

Question 14

Which epidermal layer makes keratin filaments and has melanocytes?

Answer 14

Stratum Basale

Question 15

Name 3 types of epidermal cells

Answer 15

• Keratinocytes
• Melanocytes
• Langerhans Cells
• Merkel Cells

Question 16

Which epidermal cells are related to immune response?

Answer 16

Langerhans cells

Question 17

What is the normal transit time of Keratinocytes?

Answer 17

28-40 days

Question 18

What are Merkel Cells?

Answer 18

• Mechanoreceptor cells

- Associated with sensory nerve endings

Question 19

What are the two types of skin?

Answer 19

• Hairy/Thin

- Non-Hairy/Thick

Question 20

What does thin/hairy skin contain that thick/non-hairy skin does not?

Answer 20

• Hair follicles
• Sebaceous glands
• Arrector pili muscles

Question 21

What are the 3 types of hair? Give a brief description of each

Answer 21

Lanugo - only present in embryo
Vellus - thin hair that replaces lanugo
Terminal - head/axillae/genital, stimulated by testosterone

Question 22

What are the 4 functions of hair?

Answer 22

• Thermoregulation
• Sexual Attraction
• Sensation
• Protection

Question 23

What muscle tissue makes up Arrector Pili Muscles and what are they attached to?

Answer 23

• Smooth muscle fibres

- Attached to dermis and hair bulb

Question 24

Name 4 constituents of Mechanoreceptors

Answer 24

• End bulbs
• Free nerve endings
• Tactile discs
• Meissner Corpuscle
• Pacinian Corpuscle
• Ruffini’s Corpuscle
• Root Hair Plexus

Question 25

What substance are nails made of?

Answer 25

Alpha keratin

Question 26

Name 3 functions of nails

Answer 26

• Protection
• As a tool
• Enhances precise, delicate movements
• Enhances fingertip sensitivity

Question 27

Describe 5 functions of the skin

Answer 27

• Protection and repair
• Temperature regulation
• Excretion of waste products
• Lubrication (sebaceous glands)
• Storage (Adipose tissue)
• Vitamin D synthesis
• Absorption
• Aesthetics
• Sensation