Endocrine Tissues Flashcards
Name 3 organs with endocrine cells
- Heart
- Thymus
- Liver
- Stomach
- Kidney
- Small Intestine
Name 2 categories of hormone
- Peptides
- Steroid
- Catecholamines
- Thyroid
What system exists between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Portal System
At what point in development does the endocrine system develop?
From week 5 of gestation
Name the 6 endocrine glands
- Pituitary (anterior and posterior)
- Hypothalamus
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Adrenal Glands
- Pancreas
Name 2 hormones produced by the Hypothalamus and where do they travel to?
- Vasopressin (ADH)
- Oxytocin
- Posterior Pituitary
Name 2 homeostatic systems regulated by the Hypothalamus
- Thermoregulation
- Heart Rate
- Circadian Rhythms
- Emotiom
Give 1 hormone produced by the pituitary, anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary
Pituitary - Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Anterior Pituitary - Growth hormone, Prolactin
Posterior Pituitary - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Oxytocin
Name 1 hormone produced by the Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal Glands and Pancreas
Thyroid - Thyroxine (T4), Triodothyroinine (T3)
Parathyroid - Parathormone (PTH)
Adrenal Glands - Corticosteroids, Oestrogen
Pancreas - Glucagon, Insulin
Which system controls the Adrenal Glands?
Neuroendocrine (Nervous System)
What causes Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism - High T3 or T4 and low TSH
Hypothyroidism - Low T3 or T4 and high TSH
What cells are contained within the Thyroid and give one of their functions
- Parafollicular
- Produce Thyrocalcitonin which monitors and adjusts calcium concentrations
What is the function of the Parathyroid and what is its purpose?
Monitors plasma calcium and releases PTH accordingly
Where are the Thyroid and Parathyroid located?
- Thyroid is butterfly shaped and sits either side of the trachea
- Parathyroid Glands are located on the reverse of the Thyroid in 4 corners
Which part of the Adrenal Glands release hormones and how many layers does it have?
Cortex which has 3 layers
What response is initiated by Cortical Hormones and where are it’s effectors located?
- Stress response
- Effectors located in the Hypothalamus
Name 2 hormones produced by Adrenal Glands
- Aldosterone
- Glucocortoids
- Androgen precursors
Explain the short-term stress response in basic terms
- Hypothalamus is activated
- Sends signals to adrenal glands and pituitary
- Noradrenaline and adrenaline released
- Part of sympathetic nervous syste,
What happens in the Adrenal Glands during long term stress?
- Mineralcorticoids and Glucocorticoids released
- Sodium and water retained
- Blood sugar increases
Which sections of the pancreas are responsible for exocrine and endocrine function?
Exocrine - Acini
Endocrine - Islets of Langerhans
Describe the cellular structure of the pancreas
Grouped into lobules and lined with cuboidal epithelial cells
What is produced by the different cells of the Islets of Langerhans?
Alpha cell - Glucagon
Beta cell - Insulin
G cell - Gastrin
What is the function of the Hypothalamus, Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary?
Hypothalamus - Acts as an interface between the nervous and endocrine system
Anterior Pituitary - Secretes hormones under the influence of the hypothalamic hormones
Posterior Pituitary - Releases 2 hormones made by the hypothalamus