Bone, Bone Marrow, Vessels and Blood Flashcards
What are the 6 types of connective tissue?
- Loose connective
- Fibrous connective
- Adipose
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
What are the 5 types of bone?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
Give an example of a long and short bone respectively
Long - Femur, Humerus
Short - Scaphoid, Calcaneous
Give an example of a flat and an irregular bone
Flat - Sternum, Ilium
Irregular - Vertebrae, Sacrum
Give an example and function of a Sesamoid bone
- Patella
- Embedded in and protects tendons
What are the two components of bone?
- Cancellous bone
- Compact bone
What are the properties of Cancellous Bone?
- Network or fine bony columns
- Spaces filled with bone marrow
- Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What is Compact Bone?
- External bone surface
- Makes up 80% of skeletal mass
What are the two types of bone marrow?
Red bone marrow and Yellow bone marrow
What is the main function of red bone marrow?
Haemopoiesis - Replenish cells in the blood
Where is red bone marrow found?
Found in spongey bone
What is the main component of yellow bone marrow?
Adipocytes
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
- Shock absorber
- Energy source for red marrow
- Can convert into red marrow when anaemic
How to newly formed cells leave the bone marrow? What is the exception?
- Via sinusoidal capillaries
- Platelets are released by Megakaryocytes
What vessels do new red blood cells travel through to get to the hear?
Venule > Intermediate Vein > Larger Vein > Vena Cava > Heart
How long do red blood cells take to mature?
2 days
Which white blood cells need to be activated before they can work?
T-Cells
What controls the flow of blood in capillary beds?
Precapillary Sphincters
What is the function of Precapillary Sphincters?
To control fluid exchange between capillaries and body tissues
Why would cells have to bypass the capillary bed?
White bloods cells are too large to pass through the capillary bed
What would cause sphincters to stop blood flow to the capillary bed?
Low body temperature
What are the 3 layers that constitute a vein or artery?
- Tunica Intima
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Externa
What do veins rely on to help move blood back to the heart?
Muscle contraction
What prevents backward blood flow in veins?
Fibroelastic Cartilagenous Valves
What are the four types of vein and which is the odd one out and why?
- Pulmonary (odd one out as carries oxygenated blood)
- Systemic
- Superficial
- Deep
How does an artery’s structure differ from a vein?
- Arteries have two elastic layers where as veins have one elastic layer
- Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins
What prevents backwards flow in arteries?
High pressure
What are Collateral Blood Vessels?
Blood vessels that provide an alternative pathway due to chronic disease such as atherosclerosis
What is the difference between vasculogenesis and angiogenesis?
Angiogenesis forms blood vessels from existing ones by branching whereas vasculogenesis is formation of new blood vessels
What is a Pericyte?
An immature muscle-like cell that maintains tight capillaries
