Bone, Bone Marrow, Vessels and Blood

Question 1

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

Answer 1

• Loose connective
• Fibrous connective
• Adipose
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood

Question 2

What are the 5 types of bone?

Answer 2

• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid

Question 3

Give an example of a long and short bone respectively

Answer 3

Long - Femur, Humerus

Short - Scaphoid, Calcaneous

Question 4

Give an example of a flat and an irregular bone

Answer 4

Flat - Sternum, Ilium

Irregular - Vertebrae, Sacrum

Question 5

Give an example and function of a Sesamoid bone

Answer 5

• Patella

- Embedded in and protects tendons

Question 6

What are the two components of bone?

Answer 6

• Cancellous bone

- Compact bone

Question 7

What are the properties of Cancellous Bone?

Answer 7

• Network or fine bony columns
• Spaces filled with bone marrow
• Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 8

What is Compact Bone?

Answer 8

• External bone surface

- Makes up 80% of skeletal mass

Question 9

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Answer 9

Red bone marrow and Yellow bone marrow

Question 10

What is the main function of red bone marrow?

Answer 10

Haemopoiesis - Replenish cells in the blood

Question 11

Where is red bone marrow found?

Answer 11

Found in spongey bone

Question 12

What is the main component of yellow bone marrow?

Answer 12

Adipocytes

Question 13

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

Answer 13

• Shock absorber
• Energy source for red marrow
• Can convert into red marrow when anaemic

Question 14

How to newly formed cells leave the bone marrow? What is the exception?

Answer 14

• Via sinusoidal capillaries

- Platelets are released by Megakaryocytes

Question 15

What vessels do new red blood cells travel through to get to the hear?

Answer 15

Venule > Intermediate Vein > Larger Vein > Vena Cava > Heart

Question 16

How long do red blood cells take to mature?

Answer 16

2 days

Question 17

Which white blood cells need to be activated before they can work?

Answer 17

T-Cells

Question 18

What controls the flow of blood in capillary beds?

Answer 18

Precapillary Sphincters

Question 19

What is the function of Precapillary Sphincters?

Answer 19

To control fluid exchange between capillaries and body tissues

Question 20

Why would cells have to bypass the capillary bed?

Answer 20

White bloods cells are too large to pass through the capillary bed

Question 21

What would cause sphincters to stop blood flow to the capillary bed?

Answer 21

Low body temperature

Question 22

What are the 3 layers that constitute a vein or artery?

Answer 22

• Tunica Intima
• Tunica Media
• Tunica Externa

Question 23

What do veins rely on to help move blood back to the heart?

Answer 23

Muscle contraction

Question 24

What prevents backward blood flow in veins?

Answer 24

Fibroelastic Cartilagenous Valves

Question 25

What are the four types of vein and which is the odd one out and why?

Answer 25

- Pulmonary (odd one out as carries oxygenated blood) - Systemic - Superficial - Deep

Question 26

How does an artery’s structure differ from a vein?

Answer 26

- Arteries have two elastic layers where as veins have one elastic layer - Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins

Question 27

What prevents backwards flow in arteries?

Answer 27

High pressure

Question 28

What are Collateral Blood Vessels?

Answer 28

Blood vessels that provide an alternative pathway due to chronic disease such as atherosclerosis

Question 29

What is the difference between vasculogenesis and angiogenesis?

Answer 29

Angiogenesis forms blood vessels from existing ones by branching whereas vasculogenesis is formation of new blood vessels

Question 30

What is a Pericyte?

Answer 30

An immature muscle-like cell that maintains tight capillaries