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Body Logistics > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of cartilage tissue?

A
  • Matrix containing Proteoglycan and Hyaluronic Acid

- All have chondrocytes

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2
Q

What are the 3 main types of cartilage?

A
  • Hyaline
  • Elastic
  • Fibrocartilage
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3
Q

Describe the structure of Hyaline Cartilage and one location it is found

A
  • Type II collagen matrix fibres
  • Dense Tissue containing fluid
  • Trachea
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4
Q

Describe the structure of elastic cartilage and one location it is found

A
  • Chondrocytes and elastic fibres increasing flexibility

- Pinna of Ear, Epiglottis, Eustachian Tube

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5
Q

What type of collagen fibres are in Fibrocartilage and where is it found?

A
  • Type I collagen fibres

- Intervertebral discs

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6
Q

What are Chondrocytes?

A

They lay down extracellular matrix via vesicles and lie within a lacuna

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7
Q

What is the difference between Appositional and Interstitial growth in Hyaline cartilage?

A

Appositional - Grows from periphery

Interstitial- Grows from the centre

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8
Q

What is the role of Hyaline cartilage in the trachea?

A
  • Forms C-shape rings of cartilage
  • Reinforces the trachea
  • Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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9
Q

Which 3 locations are Elastic Cartilage found?

A
  • Pinna of the Ear
  • Eustachian Tube
  • Epiglottis
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10
Q

Explain how the structure of elastic cartilage is related to its function.

A

Elastic fibres and lamellae make it tough but flexible

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11
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix in Cartilage?

A
  • Interweaving fibres of Proteoglycan and Hyaluronic Acid
  • Combined with Ground Substance
  • Stiff, gel-like and resilient
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12
Q

What surrounds the elastic cartilage in the Pinna layers of the Ear?

A

Fibrocollagenous Tissue and Adipose Tissue

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13
Q

What are the 2 main components of Fibrocartilage and how is it arranged?

A
  • Chondrocytes and Fibroblasts

- Cells distributed in rows

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14
Q

What is Fibrocartilage a combination of?

A

Dense Regular Tissue and Hyaline Cartilage

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15
Q

What is the function of Fibrocartilage and name 2 locations it is found.

A
  • Acts as a shock absorber and resists shearing force
  • Intervertebral discs
  • Knee menisci
  • Pubic symphysis
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16
Q

What is the role of Hyaline Cartilage in foetal development?

A

It mineralises to form bone and grows (Endochondral Ossification)

17
Q

What happens in weeks 8-12 of long bone development?

A
  • Central cartilage calcifies
  • Nutrient artery penetrates the centre forming the primary ossification centre
  • Osteogenesis cells deposited
18
Q

What are the three stages in postnatal long bone development?

A
  • Medulla becomes Cancellous bone
  • Cartilage forms two Epiphyseal Growth Plates
  • Two Ossification Centres appear at the Epiphyses
19
Q

What happens in the Pre-Pubertal stage of long bone development?

A
  • Epiphyses ossify

- Growth plates move apart allowing growth

20
Q

At what age are the growth plates replaced by bone?

A

Age 24+ (mature adult)

21
Q

What are the proportions of Inorganic and Organic bone matrix?

A

65% inorganic and 35% organic

22
Q

Name the 4 cells that compose bone

A
  • Osteoprogenitor
  • Osteoblast
  • Osteocyte
  • Osteoclast
23
Q

What are Osteoprogenitor cells?

A
  • Stem cells

- Inner layer of Endosteum and Perosteum

24
Q

What are the function of Osteoblasts and Osteocytes?

A
  • Osteoblasts are intermediate cells that lay down new bone

- Osteocytes are terminally differentiated Osteoblasts involved in tissue maintenance

25
Q

What is the job of Osteoclasts?

A

Fused monocytes that reabsorb existing bone on the cortisol bone surface

26
Q

What is the functional of Compact (Corticol) Bone?

A

Osteon

27
Q

What traps osteoblasts in Compact Bone?

A

Compact mineralised collagen lamellae

28
Q

Where are osteoclasts located in Compact Bone?

A

Osteoclasts lie on the edges of the bone

29
Q

What causes Osteoarthritis?

A

Mechanical failure of Articular Cartilage and narrowing of the joint space

30
Q

What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis and what kind of disease is it?

A
  • Autoimmune Disease
  • Inflammation of Synovial Membrane and thickening of the Joint Capsule
  • Bone and cartilage disintegrate

Body Logistics (22 decks)

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