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Body Logistics > Connective and Adipose Tissues > Flashcards

Connective and Adipose Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘connective tissue’

A

Cells embedded in extracellular matrix that connects, supports and binds

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2
Q

List 3 common cell types found in connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Mast Cells
  • Myofibroblasts
  • Adipocytes
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3
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

A
  • Synthesise and secrete fibres for extracellular matrix

- Important in wound healing

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4
Q

What are the 3 components of connective tissue?

A
  • Cells
  • Fibres
  • Ground Substance
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5
Q

What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?

A
  • Respond to inflammation by phagocytosis

- Present foreign material to T-cells

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6
Q

What is the function of mast cells in connective tissue?

A
  • Specifically bind antigens

- Send signals to lymphocytes

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7
Q

What is the extracellular matrix and what is its function in connective tissue?

A
  • Complex extracellular structural network of ground substance and fibres
  • Provides support and transportation network
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8
Q

What are the constituents of Ground Substance?

A
  • Water

- Proteoglycans covalently bonded to GAGs

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9
Q

What is the most common type of collagen?

A

Type I

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10
Q

What are the two types of Adipocyte?

A

Unilocular and Multilocular

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11
Q

Give two differences between white and brown adipose tissue

A
  • White has one large lipid droplet, brown has multiple small lipid droplets
  • Brown adipose tissue is normally only found in babies
  • Brown adipose tissue has many more mitochondria making fat breakdown quicker
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12
Q

What are the constituents of collagen?

A

Fibrils (fibres and fibre bundles)

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13
Q

What are reticular fibres?

A

Type III collagen in which fibres in dense connective tissue that provide a supportive framework/sponge

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14
Q

What are elastic fibres?

A

A fibre in connective tissue that allows tissues to recoil after stretch or distension

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15
Q

What elements make up Areolar Tissue?

A
  • Multiple cells including fibroblasts
  • 2 types of fibres (collagen, elastic)
  • Gel-like extracellular matrix
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16
Q

Name 2 places where Areolar tissue is found

A
  • Surrounds epithelial basal lamina

- Around glands and nerves

17
Q

What is the function of Areolar Tissue?

A
  • Holds vessels
  • Permits cell migration
  • Packaging around organs
18
Q

What are the two types of Dense Tissue and how do they differ?

A

Irregular - Fibres run in all directions
- Resists stress in all directions

Regular - Parallel fibres
- Resists stress in one direction

19
Q

What substances form dense connective tissue?

A
  • Fibroblasts

- Collagen I Fibres

20
Q

Give an example of regular and irregular dense connective tissue

A

Regular - Tendons, Ligaments

Irregular- Submucosa, Deep dermis layer

21
Q

What is a Myotendinous Junction?

A

Collagen Junction between skeletal muscle fibres and tendon collages bundles

22
Q

What are the components and proportions of a tendon?

A

68% water
30% collagen
2% elastin

23
Q

What is a ligament? Give an example

A
  • Connects bone to bone

- Cruciate ligament in knee

24
Q

What are the 3 types of Fascia and what are they made of?

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Visceral/Parietal
  • Made of fibrous connective tissue
25
Q

What is the function of a Fascia?

A

To flexibly separate muscle groups

26
Q

What causes Scurvy and what is its effect on collagen?

A
  • Vitamin C deficiency

- Lack of vitamin C disrupts collagen formation and fibres can thicken

27
Q

Name 2 symptoms of Scurvy

A
  • Gum disease
  • Bruising
  • Bleeding
  • Poor wound healing
28
Q

What kind of disorder is Marfan’s and what does it affect?

A
  • Autosomal Dominant Disorder

- Affects Fibrillin 1 gene

29
Q

What defect is present in Marfan’s Syndrome?

A

The person has abnormal elastic tissue so it cannot recoil after being stretched

30
Q

What parts of the body can Marfan’s Syndrome affect?

A
  • At risk of AAA due to the aorta being unable to recoil when under extreme pressure
  • Decreased elasticity in alveoli
31
Q

What are the symptoms of Marfan’s Syndrome?

A
  • Abnormally tall
  • Arachnodactyly (abnormally long fingers and toes in comparison to palm/sole
  • Longer ‘wing span’ than height
  • Risk of aortic rupture
32
Q

How is collagen affected in Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Collagen fibres are mutated and do not knit together

33
Q

What causes Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  • Genetic Aetiologies
34
Q

Name 2 symptoms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A
  • Brittle bones
  • Short stature
  • Hearing loss
  • Hypermobile joints

Body Logistics (22 decks)

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