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Body Logistics > Nerve Tissue Structure and Function > Flashcards

Nerve Tissue Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two nervous systems and what are their components?

A

Central Nervous System - brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System - cranial and spinal nerves

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2
Q

Is grey matter central or peripheral in the brain?

A

Peripheral

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3
Q

Name 3 components of grey matter

A
  • Nerve cell bodies
  • Dendrites
  • Axon terminals
  • Non-myelinated axons
  • Neuroglia
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4
Q

What shape does the grey matter form and what are the anterior and posterior horns called?

A
  • Butterfly shaped
    Anterior - ventral horns
    Posterior - dorsal horns
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5
Q

What constitutes white matter?

A

Myelinated material

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6
Q

What two tracts are formed by nerve fibres in white matter?

A

Ascending and descending tracts

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7
Q

What name is given to the gap between the ventral horns?

A

Ventral fissure

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8
Q

What is the name of the main body and extensions of a neuron?

A

Soma - main cell body

Dendrites - cytoplasmic projections

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9
Q

Which parts of a neuron lie in the CNS?

A
  • Soma
  • Dendrites
  • Proximal part of axon
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10
Q

Which parts of the neuron lie in the PNS?

A
  • Distal axons

- Arborisations

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11
Q

What are the two types of myelin cell and where is each found?

A

Oligodendrocyte - Found in CNS

Schwann Cell - Found in PNS

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12
Q

What 3 types of neuron make up the reflex arc?

A
  • Sensory
  • Interneuron
  • Motor
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13
Q

What are the 3 types of neuron found outside of the CNS?

A
  • Unipolar
  • Bipolar
  • Anaxonic
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14
Q

Name two specialised neurons found in the CNS

A
  • Purkinje cells

- Pyramidal cells

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15
Q

What is the most common neuron in the CNS and what is its structure?

A

Multipolar - one axon and multiple dendrites

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16
Q

Which organelles are abundant in neurons?

A
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Free ribosomes
  • Vesicles
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17
Q

Which organelle aids vesicles to move along the neuron and which directions can they travel?

A
  • Microtubulues
    Anterograde - soma to synapse
    Retrograde - synapse to soma
18
Q

What does neurotransmitter synthesis require?

A
  • Vesicle
  • Enzyme
  • Neurotransmitter
19
Q

When are neurotransmitters synthesised?

A

When vesicles travel down the axon

20
Q

Name 2 types of synapse

A
  • Axodendritic
  • Axoaxonic
  • Dendo-dendritic
  • Axo-axonal
21
Q

What are the 3 types of nerve fibre found in the peripheral nerve?

A
  • Sensory
  • Integrative
  • Motor
22
Q

What are the four layers of a peripheral nerve from outer to inner?

A
  • Paraneurium
  • Epineurium
  • Perineurium
  • Endoneurium
23
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A cluster of axons

24
Q

What is the Endoneurium?

A

Inner loose connection layer of a nerve that surrounds single nerve cells

25
Q

What is the difference between myelinated and non-myelinated?

A

Myelinated - Schwann cells surround the axon

Non-Myelinated - Axons are on the edge of the Schwann cell

26
Q

What variants influence the speed of nerve conduction?

A
  • Internodal distance
  • Axon diameter
  • Myelinatiom
27
Q

Describe 2 differences between A, B and C fibres

A

A Fibres - thick, fast, in CNS, motor function, myelinated, large internodal distance

B Fibres - medium, average speed, in viscera, sensory function, myelinated, small internodal distance

C Fibres - thin, slow, in peripheries, sensory function, unmyelinated, no nodes

28
Q

Which membrane initiates myelination?

A

Mesaxon Membrane

29
Q

Which part of the cell forms multiple layers around an axon?

A

Sheet extension of the mesaxon membrane

30
Q

What happens to the cytoplasm in myelination?

A

It is compressed to form myelin

31
Q

What is the name of the cell similar to a Schwann cell but found in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocyte

32
Q

How is an Oligodendrocyte different from a Schwann cell?

A
  • It can wrap around more than one axon simultaneously

- Smaller than Schwann cells

33
Q

What 4 cell types support the function of the CNS?

A
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglial cells
  • Ependymal cells
34
Q

Name 2 functions of Astrocyte cells in CNS

A
  • Nutrient transport from blood to nerve cells
  • Biochemical support
  • Regulate nerve impulses using glutamate
  • Contribute to blood-brain barrier
35
Q

Which cell acts as a macrophage in the CNS?

A

Microglial cell

36
Q

Which type of cell lines the spinal canal?

A

Ependymal cell

37
Q

What does an Ependymal cell look similar to?

A

Columnar epithelium but has no basement membrane

38
Q

Name 2 functions of Ependymal cells

A
  • Synthesise and secrete CSF in the ventricles
  • Cilia move CSF through ventricles to spinal cord
  • Microvilli absorb CSF for pathogen removal
  • Modified tight junctions control fluid release into the brain
39
Q

Name 3 symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

A
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased mobility
  • Vision problems
  • Slurred speech
  • Numbness and tingling
40
Q

What causes Multiple Sclerosis?

A
  • Autoimmune myelin degradation

- Loss of conduction velocity

Body Logistics (22 decks)

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