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3RD YEAR - Long Term Conditions/FOCP > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macule?

A

A flat lesion <5mm

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2
Q

What is a patch?

A

A flat lesion >5mm

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3
Q

What is a papule?

A

A raised solid lesion <5mm

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4
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A raised solid lesion >5mm

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5
Q

What are target lesions and what causes them?

A

Red concentric rings, caused by erythema multiforme

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6
Q

What is Koebners phenomenon and what causes it?

A

Skin lesions appearing on lines of trauma - caused by lichen planus

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7
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

Erythema and scaling that affects the entire body, which can lead to heart failure and dehydration

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8
Q

What does monomorphic mean and what is it characteristic of?

A

A cluster of same-sized vesicles, caused by eczema herpeticum

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9
Q

What is the difference between an ulcer and an erosion?

A

Ulcer - break in dermis and epidermis

Erosion - break in epidermis

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10
Q

What is eczema?

A

AKA dermatitis - red, itchy, dry, scaly skin caused by dehydration

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11
Q

What are the exogenous causes of eczema?

A
  • Irritant
  • Allergic
  • Photodermatitis
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12
Q

What are the 7 endogenous causes of eczema and describe them?

A
  • Atopic - absence of filaggrin
  • Seborrhoeiac - affects the scalp, hormone related
  • Discoid
  • Pompholyx - vesicles that burst on hands and feet
  • Varicose - dilated lichenified veins in legs
  • Asteatotic - elderly, lack of sebum, very dry
  • Lichen simplex - very itchy and thick, neck and ankle
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13
Q

Where does atopic eczema affect?

A

Young children - extensor surfaces

Everyone else - flexor surfaces

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14
Q

How is eczema treated?

A

Emollients
Topical steroids - hydrocortisone, betamethasone
Topical tacromilus

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15
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

A disseminated viral infection characterised by fever and itchy blisters (from chronic eczema)

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16
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Well-defined scaly plaques due to fast turnover of skin cells

17
Q

What are the 7 types of psoriasis?

A 
Guttate - teardrop shaped on trunk, Group A strep
Plaque - elbows and knees
Scalp 
Nail - pitting
Flexural - groin, buttocks, elbows
Pustular - hands and feet
Erythrodermic
18
Q

How is psoriasis treated?

A

Emollients
Topical steroids - hydrocortisone, betamethasone
Vitamin D3 analogues - calcipotrol (reduces cell turnover)
Salicyclic acid
Dithranol
Coal tar preparations

19
Q

If eczema and psoriasis still persist from treatment, how can they be managed?

A

Phototherapy, methotrexate (anti-inflammatory)

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a basal cell carcinoma?

A

Rolled, nodular, pearly edge, telangiectasia, slow-growing, erosions, locally invasive, sun-exposed areas

21
Q

How is a BCC managed?

A

Excision
Cryotherapy
Topical flurouracil or imiquimod

(NOT 2WW)

22
Q

What are the characteristics of a squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Ulcerated, firm, keratotic with hard raised edges, sun-exposed areas

23
Q

How is an SCC managed?

A

2WW - Excision and radiotherapy

24
Q

What is a malignant melanoma, and what is the criteria for diagnosis?

A 
ABCDE
Asymmetry
Border - irregular
Colour - non-uniform
Diameter - >7mm
Elevation

Ask about changes in shape, size, colour, bleeding

25
Q

What are the 2 main types of malignant melanoma, and name 2 others?

A

Superficial spreading - grow slowly
Nodular melanoma - invade deeply, metastatize early, often amelanotic

Others include - lentigo maligna, acral melanoma (palms,soles)

26
Q

How is malignant melanoma managed?

A

2WW (even if just one change) - surgical excision, chemotherapy

27
Q

What is Breslows thickness?

A

The length from the granular layer of the epidermis to the base of the skin cancer, correlating with approximate survival time

28
Q

What are solar (actinic) keratosis?

A

Premalignant tumour - Crumbly yellow crusts on sun-exposed areas that can become SCCs after years

29
Q

How are actinic keratosis treated?

A

Cryotherapy

Topical fluorouracil or imiquimod

30
Q

How do fluorouracil and imiquimod work?

A

They cause erythema –> vesiculation –> erosion –> ulceration –> necrosis –> healing

Warn patients of expected inflammatory reaction

31
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

Premalignant tumour - Slow-growing red scaly plaque (carcinoma in situ) that can become SCCs after years

32
Q

How is Bowens disease treated?

A

Cryotherapy
Topical fluorouracil
Photodynamic therapy

33
Q

What is lentigo maligna?

A

Premalignant melanoma in situ that consists of malignant cells but does not show invasive growth - can become malignant melanoma

34
Q

What is extramammary Paget’s disease?

A

Chronic eczema-like rash around the genitals that can be associated with underlying cancer

35
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis?

A

Benign skin-growth that resembles malignant melanoma

3RD YEAR - Long Term Conditions/FOCP (39 decks)

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