Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3RD YEAR - Long Term Conditions/FOCP > Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

The inner epithelial lining of the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the tunica media?

A

The middle smooth muscle of the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the tunica adventitia?

A

The outer fibrous layer of the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

A blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an embolus?

A

Any mass carried within circulation, for example:

  • atherosclerotic plaque
  • thromboembolus
  • tumour
  • vegetations from heart valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Virckows triad?

A

The 3 factors that lead to thrombosis:

  • Stasis
  • Endothelial damage
  • Hypercoagubility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chronic arterial disease?

A

Intermittent claudication due to mild ischaemia, relieved by rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is critical limb ischaemia?

A

Severe ischaemia, at night and whilst resting, due to tissue loss

This can be partly relieved by hanging leg out of bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main risk factor for PVD?

A

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When looking at ulcer what must you assess (BEDS)?

A

Base - granulation tissue
Edge - regular/irregular
Discharge - pus/blood/fluid
Structures visible - muscle/tendon/tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe a typical arterial ulcer, including its treatment

A 
Severe pain in pressure areas
B - deep, green or black
E - regular, punched out, deep
D - very little
S - bone/tendon

Often skin is not swollen, but there are features of limb ischaemia

TREAT: surgical revascularisation and treat underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a typical venous ulcer

A 
Non-severe pain in legs
B - pink and granulating
E - irregular, neo-epithelium, very shallow
D - yellow-green slough
S - none visible

Often skin is swollen and surrounded by lipdermatosclerosis or venous eczema

TREAT: compression, dressing, antibiotics and steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is gangrene?

A

Decay of body tissues, can be:
Wet - liquefactive necrosis following infection. Swollen, painful foul smelling
Dry - coagulative necrosis due to ischaemia. Cold, numb, begins distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is acute limb ischaemia?

A

A medical emergency, usually caused by an embolus, thombosis, trauma or raynauds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 6Ps when assessing acute limb ischaemia?

A 
Pale
Perishingly cold
Pulseless
Pain
Parastehsia
Paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Abnormal dilation of an endothelial lined vessel, which is greater than 1.5x its normal diameter

17
Q

What is an AAA?

A

Increase in diameter of abdominal aorta by 50% or more (≥3cm). This is MUCH more common in males.

18
Q

What is carotid artery stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the carotid artery due to atherosclerosis - this is a common cause of stroke

19
Q

What is a varicose vein?

A

Dilated veins due to abnormal communication between the deep and superficial venous systems - this is often asymptomatic but can cause night cramps

20
Q

What are some signs of venous disease?

A

Varicose veins, venous eczema, atrope blanche (white spots), ankle flare, pitting oedema, lipodermatosclerosis

21
Q

What is stasis dermatitis?

A

AKA venous eczema

The skin changes in the leg that result from insufficient venous return. RBCs break down and hemosiderin is deposited in the legs

22
Q

What is Burgers test?

A

Put foot off the bed and then lift the foot up, before putting down.

It should go pale and revascularise quickly.

23
Q

How do you take an ABPI?

A

Measure BP manually at both brachial arteries and take the highest reading.

Using doppler, measure BP of one ankle at both arteries, and take the highest reading

ABPI = ankle BP/arm BP

Repeat for the other leg

24
Q

What is a normal ABPI reading - or one for venous disease?

A

0.9-1.3

25
Q

What would the ABPI reading be in calcified vessels?

A

> 1.3

This might be in diabetic or elderly patients

26
Q

What would the ABPI reading be in intermittent claudication?

A

0.4-0.9

27
Q

What would the ABPI reading be in critical limb ischaemia?

A

<0.4

28
Q

What imaging can be used to assess vascular damage?

A
  • USS - to assess patency of individual vessels
  • CT angiography
  • Magnetic resonance angiography
  • Digital subtraction angiography
29
Q

What is embolectomy?

A

Surgical removal of an embolus, by inserting a catheter with an inflatable balloon

30
Q

What is an endartectomy?

A

Surgical removal of plaque from an artery that has become narrowed

31
Q

What is a bypass graft?

A

Surgical creation of a new pathway for blood to flow, using a graft (from a vein or synthetic)

3RD YEAR - Long Term Conditions/FOCP (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions