Breast Flashcards
What are the main 5 benign DDs for breast cancer?
- Fibroadenosis
- Fibroadenoma
- Breast cysts
- Breast abscesses
- Fat necrosis
What is fibroadenosis?
Breast pain and lumpiness during a woman’s period, due to fluctuating hormones (20-50y)
What is a fibroadenoma?
Firm, non-tender, highly mobile lumps, due to hormonal fluctuations (<30y)
What is a breast cyst?
Fluid-filled smooth round lump, peaks at perimenopause
What is a breast abscess?
Painful pus-filled lumps in the breast, with inflammation of the overlying tissue
What is fat necrosis?
Fibrotic firm lump following trauma to breast tissue
What is atypical ductal hyperplasia?
Preneoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells, needs to be excised as can progress to carcinoma
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
Female, age, no children/breastfeeding, ADH, family history, obesity
A women is found to have a breast lump. What is the next step?
TRIPLE ASSESSMENT:
- Clinical examination
- Histology/cytology (core biopsy/fine needle aspiration)
- Mammography/ultrasound
At what age does breast cancer screening start?
50, mammogram every 3 years
What are the different types of breast carcinoma?
Lobular
Ductal (most common)
What genes are involved in breast cancer?
BRCA1/2
p53
What are the clinical features of breast cancer?
Palpable mass, nipple discharge/retraction, peau’dorange, skin puckering, erythema, metastatic symptoms
What does it mean if a breast cancer is invasive?
Malignant cells have penetrated the basement membrane and invaded surrounding tissues
What is TNM staging?
A staging system where..
T = extent of primary tumour
N = lymph node involvement
M = metastatic involvement
