Skin

Question 1

hairy skin is missing what layer?

Answer 1

stratum lucidum

Question 2

the cells of the stratum basale are linked to the basal lamina via _________

Answer 2

hemidesmosomes

Question 3

what is the thickest epithelial layer?

Answer 3

stratum spinosum

Question 4

what are tonofibrils?

Answer 4

give mechanical strength to epithelium located in the stratum spinosum

Question 5

what are lamellar granules?

Answer 5

membrane bound tubes that undergo exocytosis producing lipid rich barrier around cells to protect against water loss

Question 6

what layer of epidermis do organelles disappear?

Answer 6

stratum lucidium

Question 7

what are melanocytes formed from?

Answer 7

tyrosinase

Question 8

what occurs in the stratum corneum?

Answer 8

aggregated keratin filaments are cross linked forming squames and serving as a scaffold for lipids and proteins that for a barrier.

Question 9

brown or black pigmentation

Answer 9

eumelanin

Question 10

pink or red pigmentation

Answer 10

pheomelanin

Question 11

where are melanocytes located?

Answer 11

on the basal lamina of the stratum basale - not in the dermis!

Question 12

depigmentation caused by loss / increased activity of melanocytes

Answer 12

vitilago

Question 13

how do moles form? proper name?

Answer 13

melanocytes divide normally for form theses - metaplasia

-benign menanocyte nevi

Question 14

where are merkel cells located?

Answer 14

stratum basale

Question 15

where are langerhans cells located?

Answer 15

stratum spinosum

Question 16

what type of collagen is found in the papillary dermis?

Answer 16

type 3 collagen

-lots of cells and elastic fibers

Question 17

what type of collagen is found in the reticular dermis?

Answer 17

type 1 collagen

-thick elastic fiber and few cells

Question 18

what provides tactile sense in the dermal papillae?

Answer 18

meissner’s corpuscle

Question 19

what provides a sense of vibration and pressure in the hyprodermis?

Answer 19

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 20

how does aging affect the skin?

Answer 20

• increased cross linking of collagen
• loss of elastic fibers
• dermis and epidermis are more loosely bound
• keratinocyte turnover decreases

Question 21

what three things are located in the hypodermis?

Answer 21

blood vessels, adipose tissue, pacinian corpuscles

Question 22

where do eccrine gland open to?

Answer 22

epithelial surface

Question 23

how do both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands release their contents?

Answer 23

via merocrine glands = exocytosis

Question 24

where are apocrine glands located?

Answer 24

auxilla, areolar region, anal regions

Question 25

what is the difference in the lumens of eccrine vs apocrine glands?

Answer 25

eccrine glands - reabsorb salts and occluded | apocrine glands- big open lumen

Question 26

how do sebaceous glands release their contents?

Answer 26

halocrine secretion - cell dies and it ruptures

Question 27

type of collagen found in the papillary dermis vs. the reticular dermis?

Answer 27

papillary dermis- type 3 collagen | reticular dermis - type 1 collagen

Question 28

mesissner's corpuscle location and function vs. pacinian corpuscle?

Answer 28

mesissner's corpuscle - in dermal papillae- tactile sense | pacinian corpuscle - hypodermis - vibration and pressure