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Histology Exam Review > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the ovary contains follicles

A

the cortex- embeded in stroma

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2
Q

What surrounds the ovary?

A

Tunica albugenia- dense connective tissue covering

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3
Q

Describe the structure of the ovary?

A

Cortex and a Medulla with simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium called geminal epithelium. It has a dense connective tissue covering called the tunica albugenia.

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4
Q

what type of cells secrete estrogen?

A

granulosa cells.

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5
Q

What causes follicles to mature

A

follicles mature in response to estrogen and FSH

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6
Q

what triggers ovulation?

A

LH

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7
Q

What happens in puberty that causes follicular growth

A

FSH

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8
Q

a multilaminar primary follicle has what type of epithelium?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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9
Q

what is the zona pellicida?

A

appears between the oocyte and 1st layer of granulosa cells

-glycoprotein coat that initiates the acrosome reaction (binding of sperm)

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10
Q

2 layers of theca folliculi

A

theca interna and theca externa

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11
Q

theca interna

A

endocrine tissue that secrete androgens (steroids)

-can see lipid droplets

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12
Q

theca externa

A

connective tissue and smooth muscles

- prostaglanins (produced by ganulosa cells) aid in rupture of mature oocyte

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13
Q

fluid filled chamber

A

antrum

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14
Q

corona radiata

A

oocyte surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells

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15
Q

what causes ovulation

A

surge of LH

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16
Q

oocyte in mature follicle is stopped where in development?

A

arrested in metaphase 2 until fertilization

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17
Q

what else besides estrogen and progesterone do granulation cells produce? what do they cause?

A

prostaglandins - smooth muscle contractions in theca folliculi
hyaluronan - weakens ovarian wall allowing mature follicle to rupture and release ovum with corona radiata.

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18
Q

what is a follicle called after ovulation?

A

corpus luteum

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19
Q

corpus hemorrhagicum

A

ruptured follicle fills w blood and later with dense connective tissue

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20
Q

what causes the corpus luteum to degenerate?

A

no further LH, no pregnancy - stops producing steroids

progesterone decreases and menstruation occurs

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21
Q

what is the connective tissue scar that forms?

A

corpus albicans

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22
Q

how do most follicles die

A

atresia (apoptosis)

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23
Q

what is the granulosa lutein

A

granulosa lutein produces progesterone and estrogen

-theca cells invade and vascularize granulosa

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24
Q

theca and granulosa cells take on new endocrine functions under _____ control

A

LH

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25
Q

Theca lutein produces

A

androgens and progesterone

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26
Q

before pubrity what types of follicles do girls have?

A

primordial follicles

some atreatic follicles

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27
Q

post-menopausal women have what type of follicles?

A

corpus albicans

atreatic follicles

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28
Q

what type of epithelium is the oviduct?

A

simple columnar epithelium

29
Q

fertilization of the ovum usually occurs in the

A

ampula of the oviduct

30
Q

what part of the oviduct has fimbrea and what purpose do they serve?

A

infundibulum has fimbrea that catch the oocyte. Engorge like erectile tissue

31
Q

what part of the uterus is muscular and what functions does it serve?

A

myometrium is muscular -undergoes extensive growth during pregnancy
contractive during parturition (child birth)

32
Q

what type of epithelium us the endometrium?
function?
What are the layers?

A
  • simple ciliated columnar epithelium
  • secrete glycoproteins to nourish the embryo
  • base of the glands provides new epithelium after menstration
  • functionalis and basalis
33
Q

What layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation?

A

functionalis

34
Q

the functionalis is sensitive to what hormone?

A

progesterone

35
Q

What type of arteries are present in the functionalis layer of the endometrium and what is their function?

A

coiled/helical arcuate arteries are constricted to cause ischemia to the endometrium causing it to slough off.

36
Q

What layer of the endometrium is closes to the myometrium?

A

basalis

37
Q

What layer of the endometrium remains after menstruation?

A

basalis

38
Q

what type of arteries does the basalis layer of the endometrium have?

A

straight arcuate arteries

39
Q

When is the functionalis shed?

A

menstration / resting phase : Days 1-4

40
Q

When is the functionlais reconstructed?

What stimulates this?

A

proliferative/ follicular phase : days 5-14

estrogens stimulate the follicular phase

41
Q

what is the secretory / luteal phase

A

days 15-28, glands secrete, maximum thickness of functionalis

  • progesterone secrete by corpus luteum stimulates epithelia cells of glands
  • glands fill with glycogen
42
Q

Where is the squamo-columnar junction?

A

between the endocervix and ectocervix

43
Q

endocervix
epithelium?
function?

A

simple columnar epithelium

mucous secreting - branched tubular glands

44
Q

ectocervix epithelium

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

45
Q

what happens as women age?

A

columnar epithelium of the endocervix is replaced with stratified squamous epithelium = transformation zone - metaplasia

46
Q

where do most cervical cancers originate?

A

transformation zone

47
Q

Nabothian cyst

A

orergrowth of statified squamous epithelium in the uterus- blocks the opening of glands

48
Q

Epithelium of the vagina?

A

stratifed squamous non-keratinized epithelium

49
Q

why does the vagina have a low pH?

A

estrogen causes epithelial cells to synthesize glycogen. glycogen is the broken down

50
Q

what portion of the mammary glands is the secretory portion?

A

alveolo and alveolar ducts

51
Q

what do the testis produce?

A

spermatozoa, testosterone

52
Q

what is the outer layer of the testis?

A

tunica albuginea

53
Q

sertoli cells
function?
stimulated by?

A

blood testis barrier, support developing sperm, produce androgen binding protein
FSH

54
Q

what do leydig cells do?

Stimulated by?

A 
produce androgens (testosterone)
LH
55
Q

type of epithelium of rete testis?

A

simple cuboidal

56
Q

ductuli efferentes epithelium>

A

non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium

57
Q

epididymis epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

58
Q

ductus deferens epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

59
Q

where do sperm undergo final maturation?

A

epididymis

60
Q 
what is the flow of sperm?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
  1. seminiferous tubules
  2. tubuli recti
  3. rete testis
  4. ductuli efferentes
  5. epididymis
  6. ductus deferens
  7. prostatic urethra
61
Q

what does the seminal vessicle produce that stimulate activity in the female reproductive tract?

A

prostaglandins

62
Q

what does the prostate produce

A

proteoyltic enzymes

PSA - prostate specific antigen - slows the release of sperm

63
Q

3 layers of the prostate gland

A
  1. transition zone - mucosal glands - benign prostatic hypertrophy
  2. central zone - submucosal glands
  3. Peripheral zone - main glands (long ducts)
64
Q

What is the primary area for prostate cancer?

A

peripheral zone

65
Q

corpora amylacea

A

no function, increases in age

66
Q

the primordial follicle, the oocyte is arrested in what phase?

A

oocyte arrested in prophase 1 of 1st meiotic division

67
Q

Where is the primordial follicle found?

A

superficial cortex

68
Q

the secondary follicle fills with _____ and forms the _____

A

fills with liquor folliculi and creates a fluid filled chamber called then antrum

69
Q

spermiogenesis

A

is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which sees the maturation of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa.

Histology Exam Review (8 decks)

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