Reproduction Flashcards
what part of the ovary contains follicles
the cortex- embeded in stroma
What surrounds the ovary?
Tunica albugenia- dense connective tissue covering
Describe the structure of the ovary?
Cortex and a Medulla with simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium called geminal epithelium. It has a dense connective tissue covering called the tunica albugenia.
what type of cells secrete estrogen?
granulosa cells.
What causes follicles to mature
follicles mature in response to estrogen and FSH
what triggers ovulation?
LH
What happens in puberty that causes follicular growth
FSH
a multilaminar primary follicle has what type of epithelium?
stratified cuboidal epithelium
what is the zona pellicida?
appears between the oocyte and 1st layer of granulosa cells
-glycoprotein coat that initiates the acrosome reaction (binding of sperm)
2 layers of theca folliculi
theca interna and theca externa
theca interna
endocrine tissue that secrete androgens (steroids)
-can see lipid droplets
theca externa
connective tissue and smooth muscles
- prostaglanins (produced by ganulosa cells) aid in rupture of mature oocyte
fluid filled chamber
antrum
corona radiata
oocyte surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells
what causes ovulation
surge of LH
oocyte in mature follicle is stopped where in development?
arrested in metaphase 2 until fertilization
what else besides estrogen and progesterone do granulation cells produce? what do they cause?
prostaglandins - smooth muscle contractions in theca folliculi
hyaluronan - weakens ovarian wall allowing mature follicle to rupture and release ovum with corona radiata.
what is a follicle called after ovulation?
corpus luteum
corpus hemorrhagicum
ruptured follicle fills w blood and later with dense connective tissue
what causes the corpus luteum to degenerate?
no further LH, no pregnancy - stops producing steroids
progesterone decreases and menstruation occurs
what is the connective tissue scar that forms?
corpus albicans
how do most follicles die
atresia (apoptosis)
what is the granulosa lutein
granulosa lutein produces progesterone and estrogen
-theca cells invade and vascularize granulosa
theca and granulosa cells take on new endocrine functions under _____ control
LH
Theca lutein produces
androgens and progesterone
before pubrity what types of follicles do girls have?
primordial follicles
some atreatic follicles
post-menopausal women have what type of follicles?
corpus albicans
atreatic follicles
what type of epithelium is the oviduct?
simple columnar epithelium
fertilization of the ovum usually occurs in the
ampula of the oviduct
what part of the oviduct has fimbrea and what purpose do they serve?
infundibulum has fimbrea that catch the oocyte. Engorge like erectile tissue
what part of the uterus is muscular and what functions does it serve?
myometrium is muscular -undergoes extensive growth during pregnancy
contractive during parturition (child birth)
what type of epithelium us the endometrium?
function?
What are the layers?
- simple ciliated columnar epithelium
- secrete glycoproteins to nourish the embryo
- base of the glands provides new epithelium after menstration
- functionalis and basalis
What layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation?
functionalis
the functionalis is sensitive to what hormone?
progesterone
What type of arteries are present in the functionalis layer of the endometrium and what is their function?
coiled/helical arcuate arteries are constricted to cause ischemia to the endometrium causing it to slough off.
What layer of the endometrium is closes to the myometrium?
basalis
What layer of the endometrium remains after menstruation?
basalis
what type of arteries does the basalis layer of the endometrium have?
straight arcuate arteries
When is the functionalis shed?
menstration / resting phase : Days 1-4
When is the functionlais reconstructed?
What stimulates this?
proliferative/ follicular phase : days 5-14
estrogens stimulate the follicular phase
what is the secretory / luteal phase
days 15-28, glands secrete, maximum thickness of functionalis
- progesterone secrete by corpus luteum stimulates epithelia cells of glands
- glands fill with glycogen
Where is the squamo-columnar junction?
between the endocervix and ectocervix
endocervix
epithelium?
function?
simple columnar epithelium
mucous secreting - branched tubular glands
ectocervix epithelium
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
what happens as women age?
columnar epithelium of the endocervix is replaced with stratified squamous epithelium = transformation zone - metaplasia
where do most cervical cancers originate?
transformation zone
Nabothian cyst
orergrowth of statified squamous epithelium in the uterus- blocks the opening of glands
Epithelium of the vagina?
stratifed squamous non-keratinized epithelium
why does the vagina have a low pH?
estrogen causes epithelial cells to synthesize glycogen. glycogen is the broken down
what portion of the mammary glands is the secretory portion?
alveolo and alveolar ducts
what do the testis produce?
spermatozoa, testosterone
what is the outer layer of the testis?
tunica albuginea
sertoli cells
function?
stimulated by?
blood testis barrier, support developing sperm, produce androgen binding protein
FSH
what do leydig cells do?
Stimulated by?
produce androgens (testosterone) LH
type of epithelium of rete testis?
simple cuboidal
ductuli efferentes epithelium>
non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium
epididymis epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
ductus deferens epithelium?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
where do sperm undergo final maturation?
epididymis
what is the flow of sperm? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
- seminiferous tubules
- tubuli recti
- rete testis
- ductuli efferentes
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
- prostatic urethra
what does the seminal vessicle produce that stimulate activity in the female reproductive tract?
prostaglandins
what does the prostate produce
proteoyltic enzymes
PSA - prostate specific antigen - slows the release of sperm
3 layers of the prostate gland
- transition zone - mucosal glands - benign prostatic hypertrophy
- central zone - submucosal glands
- Peripheral zone - main glands (long ducts)
What is the primary area for prostate cancer?
peripheral zone
corpora amylacea
no function, increases in age
the primordial follicle, the oocyte is arrested in what phase?
oocyte arrested in prophase 1 of 1st meiotic division
Where is the primordial follicle found?
superficial cortex
the secondary follicle fills with _____ and forms the _____
fills with liquor folliculi and creates a fluid filled chamber called then antrum
spermiogenesis
is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which sees the maturation of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa.
