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Psychology- Schmitt > skills of life > Flashcards

skills of life Flashcards

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1
Q

does success in school, as in grades, predict your real world success

A

no

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2
Q

best predictor of real world grades

A

extracurricular activities

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3
Q

what percent of information could the brightest students in school remember

A

19%

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4
Q

most high school students do not give what

A

quality work

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5
Q

what color is mr schmitt and why

A

blue, because

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6
Q

degree of relationship between 2 or more values

A

correlation

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7
Q

variables change in the same direction

A

positive correlation

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8
Q

variables change in opposite direction

A

negative correlation

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9
Q

confusing correlation with causation

A

disadvantage of correlations research

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10
Q

most widely used method in psychology

A

experimental research

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11
Q

advantages of experimental research

A

permits best control of conditions and provides for most accurate measurement
allows for explanation of causation

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12
Q

possible explanation of events to be tested; a testable prediction (if… then…)

A

hypothesis

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13
Q

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study

A

operational definition

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14
Q

participants in an experiment

A

subjects

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15
Q

an event, behavior, condition, or characteristic that has two or more values

A

variables

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16
Q

the experiment factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
stimulus
cause

A

independent variable

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17
Q

the outcome factor; the variables that may change in response to manipulations of the IV
response
effect

A

dependent variable

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18
Q

a variable whose unwanted effect on the DV might be confused with that of the IV
cause serious problems in interpreting outcome of study
if do not control CVs, can’t be sure which variables caused response

A

confounding variable

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19
Q

group of subjects exposed to experimental condition

receive the IV

A

experimental group

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20
Q

comparison group of subjects who are not exposed to the experimental condition
no IV

A

control group

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21
Q

minimizes preexisting differences between groups

A

random assignment

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22
Q

two ways to create groups

A

match up experimental and control group members in relevant areas
random assignment

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23
Q

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

A

theory

24
Q

tendency of people who know they are subjects in a study to behave differently than they normally would

A

participant bias

25
Q

tendency of subjects in some experiments to respond to almost any change

A

hawthorne effect

26
Q

college students and volunteers

A

unrepresentative sample

27
Q

tendency of experiments to let their expectancies alter the way they treat their subjects

A

experimented bias effect

28
Q

tendency of subjects to behave in accordance with expirimenter expectancy; one persons prediction of another’s behavior somehow comes true
robert rosenthals experiment

A

self fulfilling prophecy

29
Q

procedure that controls experimenter and participant bias by preventing experimenters and subjects from knowing which participants have been assigned to particular conditions

A

double blend technique

30
Q

can the results be generalized

A

yes

31
Q

important to obtain informed consent and debrief subjects at conclusion of experiment

A

ethical treatment

32
Q

easier to control potential CVs; can control behavior to a greater extent
shorter life spans and reproduce more rapidly
research on animals can generate hypothese that are then tested using humans
certain procedures not ethically permissible with humans are ethically permissible with animals

A

advantages of animal subjects

33
Q

researchers must ensure the comfort, health, and humane treatment of animals and minimize infection, illness, and pain

A

APA ethical standards for treatment of animals

34
Q

what percent of psychologists use animals

A

5%

35
Q

observe and record behavior in the natural environment

need to be unobtrusive

A

naturalist observation

36
Q

advantage of naturalistic observation

A

normal environment= true behavior

37
Q

disadvantages of naturalistic observation

A

can’t generalize results until investigated

tells what happened but not why

38
Q

obtain objective descriptions of background forces that may have influenced an individuals development

A

case studies

39
Q

widely used in clinical and counseling psych

obtain info on family background, jone life, neighborhood activities, school experiences, health, work, etc

A

case studies

40
Q

advantages to case studies

A

useful as a starting point in understanding and helping an individual
one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

41
Q

disadvantages to case studies

A

may not be able to generalize results to others
can not determine the particular variables that caused the behavior being studied
info obtained may be partial and biased

42
Q

a series of questions to collect info about subjects
questionnaire
written surveys

A

surveys

43
Q

advantages to surveys

A

treat results statistically

44
Q

disadvantages to surveys

A

dishonesty and social desirability
wording effects (how question is asked)
effect of social-cultural differences between subjects
low percentage of returns
unrepresentative sample of total population
random sample

45
Q

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A

random sample

46
Q

obtain info through conversation

A

interviews

47
Q

disadvantages to interviews

A

personal prejudice of interviewer

difficulty of expressing results in exact terms

48
Q

a formal sample of a persons behavior

interest inventories, attitudes, abilities, intelligence, creativity, personality

A

psychological tests

49
Q

test is administered and scored in a consistent manner; uses norms-standards used to compare scores

A

standardization

50
Q

degree to which a test gives consistent results

A

reliability

51
Q

extent to which a test measured what it is supposed to measure

A

validity

52
Q

advantages to psychological tests

A

provides more objective data than previous methods
results expressed in statistical terms
can compare individual scores with the large group
helps make unbiased decisions

53
Q

disadvantages to psychological tests

A

problems with standardization,reliability, and validity

provides only one source of data- use results with caution

54
Q

systematic examination of collections of letters, manuscripts, video and tape recordings, or other records

A

archival research

55
Q

advantages to archival research

A

valuable source of historical info

56
Q

disadvantages to archival research

A

does not permit definite casual statements about findings

57
Q

where does trivia sometimes show up

A

archives of the history of american psychology

university of akron

Psychology- Schmitt (9 decks)

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