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Psychology- Schmitt > Learning > Flashcards

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1
Q 
classical conditioning (respondent, pavlonian)
E. B. twitmyer
A

ivan pavlov

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2
Q

classical conditioning of an aversion to a taste that has been associated w a noxious stimulus
kids who get chemo

A

conditioned taste adversion

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3
Q

replace one CR to a stimulus w another (usually incompatible) response
alcohol- antabuse
fear, anxiety, phobias

A

counter conditioning

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4
Q

form of CC that involves learning to relax in presence of feared object
counter conditioning

A

desensitization

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5
Q

process of learning to avoid an unpleasant stimulus

eurisis

A

avoidance conditioning

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6
Q

this treats the symptoms, not the underlying problems

A

avoidance conditioning

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7
Q

celebrity’s in ads

A

pavlovs legacy (association)

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8
Q

learning by making mistakes, until you find the correct solution

A

trial and error

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9
Q

used cats for research
puzzle box: 5 cats involved, 3 trials (time and errors)
got faster with less mistakes each time

A

edward L thorndike

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10
Q

behavior followed by satisfying is strengthened

annoying led to weakened

A

law of effect

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11
Q

BF skinner
rats and pigeons
instrumental
skinnerian

A

operant conditioning

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12
Q

relationship between behaviors and concequences

same as law of effect

A

behavioral contingencies

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13
Q

strengthening of SR relationship by following the response with reinforcement

A

operant

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14
Q

what happens after subject responds (respect or no)

A

key

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15
Q

stimulus that increases the probability of the response it follows reoccurringly

A

reinforcer

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16
Q

same as puzzle box but attempt to get food

A

skinner box

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17
Q

gradually teach a behavior in step by step process

reinforcement of successive approximations

A

shaping

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18
Q

positively reinforce each behavior in a sequence

A

chaining

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19
Q

tendency to make the same response to similar stimuli

other bell sounds made the dogs salivate

A

generalization

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20
Q

tendency to respond to similar stimuli in different ways

A

discrimination

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21
Q

the dying out of an established conditioned response as a result of presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
remember the dinosaurs
the stronger the CR, the longer extinction takes
some CRs are difficult to extinguish
fear

A

extinction

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22
Q

reappearance after a period of time of a conditioned response that has been subjected to extinction

A

spontaneous recovery

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23
Q

a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus (bell) comes to elicit a response (salivation) after being associated with a stimulus (meat) that already elicits that response (salivation)

A

classical conditioning

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24
Q

UCS

stimulus that automatically elicits a particular unconditioned response (meat)

A

unconditioned stimulus

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25
Q

UCR

unlearned, automatic response to a particular conditioned stimulus (salivation)

A

unconditioned response

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26
Q

CS
a neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a particular conditioned response after being paired with a particular unconditioned stimulus that already elicits that response (bell)

A

conditioned stimulus

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27
Q

CR

the new, learned response given to a particular conditioned stimulus (salivation)

A

conditioned response

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28
Q

which is weaker CR or UCR

A

CR

29
Q

the greater the intensity of the UCS and the greater the number of pairings of CS and UCS…

A

the greater the strength of conditioning

30
Q

what is important between CS and UCS

A

time interval

31
Q

CS presenter first and remains until atleast onset of UCS

ideal time for CS to occur is 1/2 second before UCS

A

delayed conditioning

32
Q

CS presented first and ends before onset of UCS

requires that a memory trace of CS be retained until onset of UCS

A

trace conditioning

33
Q

CS and UCS presented together

A

simultaneous conditioning

34
Q

onset of UCS precedes onset of CS

A

backward conditioning

35
Q

produces strong conditioning, trace conditioning produces moderately strong conditioning

A

delayed conditioning

36
Q

produces weak conditioning, while backward is least effective

A

simultaneous conditioning

37
Q

social learning theory/ observational learning

A

albert bandura

38
Q

maintained that new behavior is learned primarily though observation and imitation
called a person whom we use as an example of how to behave a model
if a subject is rewarded for imitating models behavior, it will be strengthened
can promote undesirable as well as desirable behaviors

A

social learning theory / observational learning

39
Q

social learning theory

preschool kids watching adults interact with bobo

A

classic study

40
Q

insight

A

wolfgang kohler

41
Q

the relatively sudden perception of relationships that results in the prompt solution of a problem

A

insight

42
Q

classic study of insight

A

sultan

aha experience

43
Q

an active process that involves organizing info, making comparisons, and forming new associations

A

cognitive learning

44
Q

focuses on the internal, mental processing of info
blend of S-R and gestalt psychology
recent decades- cognitive revolution in learning theory in psychology

A

cognitive learning

45
Q

latent learning

cognitive map

A

edward chase tolman

46
Q

learning that occurs without the reinforcement of overt behavior

A

latent learning

47
Q

learning is not immediately revealed in performance but is revealed later when reinforcement is provided for performance
classic study with three groups of rats running maze

A

latent learning

48
Q

a mental map formed when a subject learns the makeup of its environment and is then able to find its way around in it
learn what to expect in a situation “what leads to what”

A

cognitive map

49
Q

felt that rats formed cognitive maps in learning to run maze but didn’t use it until reinforced for doing so

A

tolman

50
Q

modern day example of cognitive map

A

brain researcher leslie hart

51
Q

for optimal effectiveness, reinforce the correct response as soon as possible

A

immediacy effect

52
Q

reinforce all correct responses

A

continuous

53
Q

reinforce some but not all correct responses

A

intermittent (partial)

54
Q

which results in faster learning

A

continuous

55
Q

which is more resistant to extinction

A

intermittent

56
Q

set number of correct responses

A

fixed ratio

57
Q

set time period

A

fixed interval

58
Q

changing number of correct responses

A

variable ratio

59
Q

changing time period

A

variable interval

60
Q

which is more resistant to extinction

A

variable

61
Q

a direct, automatic, unlearned reinforcer which satisfies a biological need
food, water

A

primary

62
Q

a conditioned reinforcer that becomes reinforcing by being associated with a primary reinforcer
reward of money

A

secondary

63
Q

attempt to change undesired behaviors through use of OC principles
token economy

A

behavior modification

64
Q

learning new material with OC principles

skinner said it would double learning

A

programmed instruction

65
Q

step by step
go at your own pace
immediate reinforcement
active responding

A

advantages of OC

66
Q

boring
missing social interaction
need motivation

A

disadvantage of OC

67
Q

learn to voluntarily regulate bodily functions

high blood pressure, migraines

A

biofeedback

68
Q

already justifiable activity becomes over justified by promise of added reward

A

over justification effect

Psychology- Schmitt (9 decks)

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