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Psychology- Schmitt > developing through the lifespan > Flashcards

developing through the lifespan Flashcards

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1
Q

3 issues

A

nature and nurture
continuity and stages
stability and change

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2
Q

study 1 group of subjects over a considerable period of time

A

longitudinal

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3
Q

individuals may not represent whole population
time consuming
more expensive
can be difficult maintaining contact

A

disadvantages of longitudinal

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4
Q

will provide most accurate account of behavioral changes

A

advantages of longitudinal

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5
Q

many age groups of subjects (cohorts)

study at the same time

A

cross-sectional

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6
Q

cohort not typical

A

disadvantage of cross sectional

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7
Q

saves time and money

easier to maintain contact

A

advantage to cross sectional

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8
Q

begins as different study of cohorts, then follows cohorts longitudinally
mix of 2 up

A

cohort sequential

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9
Q 
1921
found 1528 gifted kids (termites)
IQ 135 and up
1% of students
went to 2010
A

lewis termin

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10
Q

results of lewis termin experiment as kids

A

taller, heavier, stronger, more active socially, matured faster

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11
Q

results or lewis termin as adults

A

became socially, physically, academically, vocationally superior

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12
Q

most famous termite

A

richard nixon

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13
Q

development spreads downward from head to feet

A

cephalocaudal deviation

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14
Q

development starts at center of body and spreads outwards

A

promo distal deviation

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15
Q

sequential unfolding of inherited pre-dispositions

walking

A

maturation

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16
Q

ranked #1

A

BF skinner

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17
Q

ranked #2

A

piaget

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18
Q

2 criticisms of piaget

A

development more gradual than stages applied

understimated cognitive skills of children

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19
Q

higher levels of social behavior

passive behavior grows while 1 little play w little boy

A

preschool

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20
Q

spend 11 times more with same sec

A

age 6 1/2

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21
Q

95% same sex friendships

A

preschool

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22
Q

fewer but more intimate friendships

A

girls

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23
Q

boys are oriented towards rough and tumble play

girls have difficulty influencing boys

A

sec segregation

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24
Q

sexes separate

A

age 8-adolescence

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25
Q

AAUW

A

1992

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26
Q

1992
AAUW
get less attention from teachers

A

girls

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27
Q

teachers ask academic questions 80% more of who
1992
AAUW

A

boys

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28
Q

school curriculum ignores/ stereotypes females
standardized tests biased against girls
girls get fewer college scholarships
girls get better grades in school, more likely to go to college

A

1992

AAUW

29
Q

girls were taking more maths and sciences
careers were still based upon stereotypes
girls getting broader education
boys are twice as likely to be put in special ed
boys begin disliking school
pre frontal cortex helps to understand things in school

A

1998

follow up

30
Q

transition period when you grow out of childhood into adulthood

A

adolescences

31
Q

stuck between childhood and adult

A

tweenager

32
Q

tweenager

A

independent
identity
rebellion
frustration and conflict

33
Q

did first normal study on adolescence
storm and stress
most adolescents have strong relationships with parents
time of slightly increased arguments
teens with parents who do not care are more antisocial

A

g stanley hall

34
Q

reasons for adolescents

A

no definite point of becoming an adult in america

the purpose of adolescence is to give you the proper training you need to become an adult

35
Q

each stage marked by a conflict or crisis that must be overcome (positive or negative)
theory previously called eight ages of man

A

background info of erik erickson’s theory

36
Q

first year infants
need to develop a sense of security and build social attachment with a caregiver
harry harlow
mary ainsworth

A

trust vs mistrust

37
Q

physical contact more important than nourishment in promoting infant attachment in infant monkeys

A

harry harlow

38
Q

securely attached vs insecurely attaches infants

infants with mothers who are sensitive, accepting, and affectionate will become more securely starched

A

mary ainsworth

39
Q

2nd year toddlers

need to achieve a sense of independence from parents

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

40
Q

3-5 years

need to behave in a spontaneous but socially appropriate way

A

initiative vs guilt

41
Q

6- puberty

need to develop a sense of self confidence and competency

A

industry vs inferiority

42
Q

came up with the three styles of parenting
permissive
authoritarian
authoritative

A

diana baumrind

43
Q

set few rules and rarely punish misbehavior

A

permissive

44
Q

lots of strict rules and punishment

A

authoritarian

45
Q

warm and loving, yet insist that kids behave appropriately

A

authoritative

46
Q

more likely to become socially competent, independent, and responsible

A

children with authoritative parents

47
Q

adolescence
need to develop a sense of identity by adopting ones own set of values and social behaviors
the breakfast club

A

identity card role confusion

48
Q

young adulthood (20-40)
need to form close personal relationships
friends

A

intimacy vs isolation

49
Q

middle adulthood

need to become less self absorbed and more concerned with the well being of others

A

generativity vs stagnation

50
Q

more common in men
most typically occurs from ages 35-45
believe life goals will not be achieved, or if achieved, will seem transient in face of the inevitability of death
time to reassess goals and aspirations
not all men experience it
life dreams of women tend to be different and more complex

A

midlife crisis

51
Q

late adulthood
need to reflect back on a meaningful life and enjoy a sense of satisfaction
retirement, loneliness, death of spouse
individuals who engage in complex activities can generate new synapses in the brain

A

integrity vs despair

52
Q

does erickson’s theory apply in all settings

A

probably not

53
Q

may not reflect differences in personality development between men and women

A

erickson criticism

54
Q

erickson’s theory based on study of males who place greater premium on development of self sufficiency than do females who focus more on intimate relationships in which there is mutual caring

A

carol gilligan

55
Q

top two reasons men and women choose for being happily married

A

my spouse is my best friend

i like my spouse as a person

56
Q

birth-2 years

babies learning through senses and actions

A

sensorimotor stage

57
Q

concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
mental model

A

schema

58
Q

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

A

assimilation

59
Q

adapting our current understandings or schemas to incorporate new information

A

accommodation

60
Q

the awareness that objects continue to exist even when they are not perceived

A

object permanence

61
Q

6-7 years

able to represent things with words and images but too young to perform mental operations

A

preoperational stage

62
Q

imagining an action and mentally reversing it

A

operations

63
Q

a child thinking of a model as a symbol for the actual object

A

symbolic thinking

64
Q

pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

egocentrism

65
Q

7 years

if given physical materials, they begin to learn that change in form, does not mean change in quantity

A

concrete operational stage

66
Q

begin to comprehend simple math problems

A

mathematical transformations

67
Q

grasping concrete analogies

pouring milk

A

conservation

68
Q

understanding that operations can be undone

A

reversibility

69
Q

ability to understand the hierarchical nature of classification

A

class inclusion

Psychology- Schmitt (9 decks)

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