Skill Acquisition - Types of practice Flashcards
Identify the types of practice that can be used to teach a skill.
Part
Whole
Whole - Part - Whole
Progressive part
Identify the types of practice that are used as the layout of a training session.
Massed
Distributed
Varied
Fixed
Describe and give an example of part practice.
Part practice is where you rehearse one ‘part’ / subroutine of the skill.
e.g. practising the hop in the triple jump on its own
Explain what type of skill would be best taught using part practice, justifying your answer.
Part practice is useful for low organisation skills that can be split up into sub-routines, and for complex skills so the performer can make sense of the skill and achieve initial success with basic movements before progressing to more complex ones. It can also be useful for teaching serial skills and skills that could be dangerous as you can practice sections individually before putting them together as a whole.
Describe and give an example of whole practice.
Whole practice is where a skill is taught as one, without breaking it down into different parts.
e.g. a golf swing would be taught as a whole movement as its hard to break down into subroutines as one part interacts so closely with the next.
Explain what type of scale would be best thought using whole practice, justify your answer.
Tasks that are rapid of ballistic our best practice using the whole method because it enables them to experience the true kinaesthetic sense of the scale and be able to transfer from practice to the real situation more positively. They can execute the skills more fluently and appreciate the relationship between each part of the movement.
Describe and give an example of whole part whole practice
The performer attempts to school as a whole, then practices different subroutines on their own, and then put them back together again as a whole.
E.G.when doing a layout, you’ll practice it as a whole, then practice the dribbling, then the footwork and the shot separately, then practice them all together again.
Explain what type of skill would be best taught using whole part whole practice, justify your answer.
The whole method is useful for serial skills, those with low-organisation and when subroutines have distinct features. It’s a good method to be able to see strengths and weaknesses in performances and correct errors, as well as helping the performer get a kinaesthetic feel of the movement as a whole.
Describe and give and example of progressive part practice.
A performer will practice one part / sub-routine in a skill, then link it with a 2nd, and then add on a 3rd progressively.
e.g. in triple jump the performer will learn the hop phase, then the hop and skip phase and then the whole triple jump all together.
Explain what type skill would be best taught using progressive-part practice, justify your answer.
Progressive part is useful for serial skills and those with low organisation that can easily be broken down into subroutines. It helps them practice parts of the performance individually to correct errors as well as understanding the relationships between the different components and how they link together.
Describe and give an example of massed practice.
Massed practice is a continuous form of practice where you don’t have any breaks.
e.g. practising dribbling in football for the whole session without stopping.
Explain what type of skill would be taught using massed practice, justify your answer.
Massed practice is useful for cognitive learners who are practising simple and/or discrete skills to help them over learn the skill and strengthen their motor program. It would be useful for autonomous learners to help improve their fitness as they won’t have rest periods.
However, it can be tiring/boring and cause fatigue which could be demotivating, and it can lead to injuries if you don’t have rest, or you could make more errors as you get tired.
Describe and give an example of distributed practice
Distributed practice is where you divide up exercise intervals with rest. The rest periods can be used for feedback and mental rehearsal.
e.g. practising your golf swing then resting and watching a video back of your technique and analysing where to improve
Explain what type of skill would be taught using distributed practice, justify your answer
Distributed practice is useful for cognitive learners as it can prevent boredom and you won’t become as tired, it can also give time to enable external feedback to help them improve. It can be useful for associative/autonomous learners to give time between practice to review performance or mentally rehearse to improve technique. It can be useful for dangerous skills as it isn’t fatiguing. It can be useful for complex skills as it allows time to break down and understand the skill and get feedback.
However it can disrupt the learning if the break is too long, or not used wisely.
Describe and give an example of varied practice
There is practice involves practising a skill in different situations
e.g. practising passing and netball across different distances, with opposition/defenders standing in different places, with different speeds and types of pass use for different situations
