Skeleton Flashcards
Axiel skeleton
Sternum Cranium Vertebrae Chest/thorax Ribs/costars
Appendicular skeleton
Arms-ulna, radius, humorous Shoulders-clavical, scapula Pelvis -ilium, ischium, pubis Legs- femur, tibia, fibula,patella Feet-tarsals, metatarsals, phalangees Hands- carpals, metacarpals, phalalangees
Long bones
Femur, ulna, radius, humorous, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, metacarpals, phalangees
Short bones
Carpals
Tarsals
Flat bones
Scapula Costals Sternum Cranial Ilium
Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Calcanceous (heel bone)
Sesamoid bone
Patella
Minerals stored in bones
Phosphorus
Yellow marrow
Calcium
Triglycerides
How many bones in body
206
What do red and white blood cells do
Red- carry oxygen
White -fight bacteria and infection
What are tendons
Muscles that attach to bone
What are ligaments
Attach bone to bone
Name the three types of cartilage ?
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibre cartilage
What is hyaline cartilage ?
Is a temporary skeleton of a foetus, replaced by bone when calcium is deposited, found at the end of long bones.
What is elastic cartilage?
Similar to hyaline
More fibres from the elastic
Ability to regain and return back to same shape
What is fibro cartilage ?
Thicker/ stronger
Has limited distribution
Acts as a shock absorber in cartilinous joints
How many irregular bones are there ?
33 irregular bones in the body
What is a neutral spine ?
Same as optimal with s shape
20-45 degrees
How many natural curves are there and what are they called
4 natural curves
2 -convex
2-concave
What ranges of motion is there in the cervical and thoracic?
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Lateral flexion
What ranges of motion has the lumbar spine got ?
Less flexion
Greater extension
Limited amount of lateral flexion and rotation
What is the name of the lumbar curvature ?
Hyperlordosis
What is the name of the thoratic curvature ?
Hyperphosis
What is the name of the mid curvature ?
Kyphosis
Name the three types of joints ?
Synovial joint
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
What has 7 vertabrae
Cervical
What has 12 in the vertabrae
Thoratic
What has 5 in the section
Lumbar and sacral
What has 4 bones in the spine
Coccygeal
What is oestoporosis
When calcium is lost from the bone
Increases risk of fractures
Loose height and changes in posture
Hunched back when older
What is ossification
When bone is formed in the body from osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What are oestoblasts
Cells form new bone
What are oesteoclast
Cells that eat away old bone
What are osteocytes
Mature osteoblasts that have ended there bone forming
What has to be present for ossicifacyion to take place
Calcium
What improves kyphosis
Lengthen the pectoral muscles and strengthen the lower trapezius and romboids
How to improve lordosis
Strengthen the abdominal core muscles and lengthen the spine
