Skeletal Tissue Final Flashcards
Basic characteristics of cartilage
Not vascular, chondrocytes for cells, intercellular matrix comprised of fibers and ground substance (mucopolysaccharide).
____________ cartilage is very glossy and the most common type of cartilage. The cells are numerous in their lacunae and the collagen fibers are evenly spaced for the smooth look. It can be found at the tip of your nose and capping bones at synovial joints.
Hyaline
_____________: has strong bundles of collagen fibers making it rough looking and very strong.
Fibrocartilage
___________ cartilage, such as in your outer ear has elastic, stretchy fibers.
Elastic
Composition of bone
Minerals (hydroxyapatite crystals – primarily calcium based for hardness), collagen fibers for strength and bone cells in their lacunae.
__________ is a mature bone cell. ___________ is a bone forming cell and is abundant on the periosteum. __________ is a bone destroying cell and is abundant at the endosteum.
Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
__________ bone has little interosseous space and is characterized by long cylinders called osteons. Osteons have central (Haversian) canals filled with blood vessels as well as perforating canals connecting to the central canals. It has osteocytes and the matrix is arranged in concentric circles called lamellae, which resemble tree rings in cross section.
Compact bone
The kind of bone with a lot of interosseous space is __________ bone. This bone has little spicules (trabeculae) of bone with space available for red bone marrow and blood cell production.
Spongey
______________ ossification occurs with cartilage forming first, followed by the cartilage turning to bone. ______________ or direct ossification occurs by the osteoblasts directly making the bone with no cartilage intermediate.
Endo-chondral ossification
Intra-membranous ossification
Osteo_______ on the periosteum make more bone while the osteo_______ on the endosteum enlarge the marrow cavity.
Blasts
Clasts
How many bones are in an adult skeleton? How many are in each division?
206
Axial – 80; Appendicular – 126
Cranial bones (6)
Frontal occipital Parietal Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid
Facial Bones (8)
Vomer mandible Maxilla Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal Zygomatic Palatine Nasal
______________: Soft spot between skull bones in baby’s head. It allows squishing of skull during childbirth and for growth of brain.
Fontanel
Name the bones that make up the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic and temporal
Name the bones that contribute to the orbit? (7)
Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, zygomatic, frontal
Nasal septum bones
Vomer and p plate of ethmoid
Hard palate bones
Maxilla and palatine
Regions of the vertebral column and vertebrae numbers
Cervical – 7
Thoracic – 12
Lumbar – 5
Sacral – 5 fused making the sacrum
Coccyx – 3-5 fused
Describe the features of a typical vertebrae: ___________housing spinal cord.______________ comprised of the pedicles laterally and the lamina dorsally. Extending from the vertebra are the_________ process dorsally and___________ process laterally. The ventral part of the vertebra is the body. The facets or articular process articulate with the vertebra above/below it.
Verterbral foramen
Vertebral arch
Spinous
Transverse
Describe the difference between true, floating, and false ribs. How many ribs in each category?
True rib has its own costal cartilage going to the sternum. 7 pair
False rib does not have its own costal cartilage going to the sternum 5 pair
Floating rib (which by definition is also false rib) has NO costal cartilage – 2 pair – 11 and 12.
Names the bones of the pelvic girdle. How do they articulate?
Clavicle and scapula
Clavicle articulates with manubrium of sternum and acromion process of scapula
Name the bones of the pectoral appendage and how they articulate
Humerus articulates with glenoid fossa and the capitulum articulates with head of radius and trochlea articulates with semilunar notch of unla. Radius head also articulates with ulna. Distally the radius articulates with proximal row of carpals, which articulate with distal row of carpals. (8 carpals total) These articulate with metacarpals and the phalanges (proximal, middle, distal on all except thumb).
Name the bones of the pelvic appendage and how they articulate.
Coxal bones, comprised of ilium, ischium and pubis – all of which contribute to acetabulum that articulates with head of femur. The ilium also articulates with the sacrum and the two pubic bones articulate with each other at the pubic symphysis.
Name the bones of the pelvic appendage and how they articulate
The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone. Distal femur articulates with patella and femur condyles articulate with condyles of tibia. Tibia and fibula articulate with each other proximally and distally. Both articulate with the tarsals (talus). The tarsals (total of 7 of them) then articulate with metatarsals and phalanges similar to pectoral appendage.
Largest sesamoid bone is the _______
Patella
How many phalanges in each hand?
14
Digit
Finger
Thumb
Pollex
Big toe
Hallux
