Skeletal Tissue Final

Question 1

Basic characteristics of cartilage

Answer 1

Not vascular, chondrocytes for cells, intercellular matrix comprised of fibers and ground substance (mucopolysaccharide).

Question 2

____________ cartilage is very glossy and the most common type of cartilage. The cells are numerous in their lacunae and the collagen fibers are evenly spaced for the smooth look. It can be found at the tip of your nose and capping bones at synovial joints.

Answer 2

Hyaline

Question 3

_____________: has strong bundles of collagen fibers making it rough looking and very strong.

Answer 3

Fibrocartilage

Question 4

___________ cartilage, such as in your outer ear has elastic, stretchy fibers.

Answer 4

Elastic

Question 5

Composition of bone

Answer 5

Minerals (hydroxyapatite crystals – primarily calcium based for hardness), collagen fibers for strength and bone cells in their lacunae.

Question 6

__________ is a mature bone cell. ___________ is a bone forming cell and is abundant on the periosteum. __________ is a bone destroying cell and is abundant at the endosteum.

Answer 6

Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoclast

Question 7

__________ bone has little interosseous space and is characterized by long cylinders called osteons. Osteons have central (Haversian) canals filled with blood vessels as well as perforating canals connecting to the central canals. It has osteocytes and the matrix is arranged in concentric circles called lamellae, which resemble tree rings in cross section.

Answer 7

Compact bone

Question 8

The kind of bone with a lot of interosseous space is __________ bone. This bone has little spicules (trabeculae) of bone with space available for red bone marrow and blood cell production.

Answer 8

Spongey

Question 9

______________ ossification occurs with cartilage forming first, followed by the cartilage turning to bone. ______________ or direct ossification occurs by the osteoblasts directly making the bone with no cartilage intermediate.

Answer 9

Endo-chondral ossification

Intra-membranous ossification

Question 10

Osteo_______ on the periosteum make more bone while the osteo_______ on the endosteum enlarge the marrow cavity.

Answer 10

Blasts

Clasts

Question 11

How many bones are in an adult skeleton? How many are in each division?

Answer 11

206

Axial – 80; Appendicular – 126

Question 12

Cranial bones (6)

Answer 12

Frontal
occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

Question 13

Facial Bones (8)

Answer 13

Vomer
mandible
Maxilla
Inferior nasal concha
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Palatine
Nasal

Question 14

______________: Soft spot between skull bones in baby’s head. It allows squishing of skull during childbirth and for growth of brain.

Answer 14

Fontanel

Question 15

Name the bones that make up the zygomatic arch

Answer 15

Zygomatic and temporal

Question 16

Name the bones that contribute to the orbit? (7)

Answer 16

Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, zygomatic, frontal

Question 17

Nasal septum bones

Answer 17

Vomer and p plate of ethmoid

Question 18

Hard palate bones

Answer 18

Maxilla and palatine

Question 19

Regions of the vertebral column and vertebrae numbers

Answer 19

Cervical – 7

Thoracic – 12

Lumbar – 5

Sacral – 5 fused making the sacrum

Coccyx – 3-5 fused

Question 20

Describe the features of a typical vertebrae: ___________housing spinal cord.______________ comprised of the pedicles laterally and the lamina dorsally. Extending from the vertebra are the_________ process dorsally and___________ process laterally. The ventral part of the vertebra is the body. The facets or articular process articulate with the vertebra above/below it.

Answer 20

Verterbral foramen
Vertebral arch
Spinous
Transverse

Question 21

Describe the difference between true, floating, and false ribs. How many ribs in each category?

Answer 21

True rib has its own costal cartilage going to the sternum. 7 pair

False rib does not have its own costal cartilage going to the sternum 5 pair

Floating rib (which by definition is also false rib) has NO costal cartilage – 2 pair – 11 and 12.

Question 22

Names the bones of the pelvic girdle. How do they articulate?

Answer 22

Clavicle and scapula

Clavicle articulates with manubrium of sternum and acromion process of scapula

Question 23

Name the bones of the pectoral appendage and how they articulate

Answer 23

Humerus articulates with glenoid fossa and the capitulum articulates with head of radius and trochlea articulates with semilunar notch of unla. Radius head also articulates with ulna. Distally the radius articulates with proximal row of carpals, which articulate with distal row of carpals. (8 carpals total) These articulate with metacarpals and the phalanges (proximal, middle, distal on all except thumb).

Question 24

Name the bones of the pelvic appendage and how they articulate.

Answer 24

Coxal bones, comprised of ilium, ischium and pubis – all of which contribute to acetabulum that articulates with head of femur. The ilium also articulates with the sacrum and the two pubic bones articulate with each other at the pubic symphysis.

Question 25

Name the bones of the pelvic appendage and how they articulate

Answer 25

The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone. Distal femur articulates with patella and femur condyles articulate with condyles of tibia. Tibia and fibula articulate with each other proximally and distally. Both articulate with the tarsals (talus). The tarsals (total of 7 of them) then articulate with metatarsals and phalanges similar to pectoral appendage.

Question 26

Largest sesamoid bone is the _______

Answer 26

Patella

Question 27

How many phalanges in each hand?

Answer 27

14

Question 28

Digit

Answer 28

Finger

Question 29

Thumb

Answer 29

Pollex

Question 30

Big toe

Answer 30

Hallux