Anatomical Terminology/Membranes Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of structures and their relationships
_______: macroscopic anatomy
Gross anatomy
_____________: the study of functions
Physiology
What are the 6 levels of organization in anatomy?
- Chemical and molecular
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organism
What is the study of cells? Tissues?
Cells= cytology Tissue= histology
What is an organ?
Tissues combining for a common function (ex- heart muscle)
What is a tissue?
Cells combining for a common function (heart tissue)
____________: consist of different origins that work together closely
Organ system
What is lateral? What is its opp?
Lateral in on either side of the midline, the opposite is medial
What is proximal? What is its opp?
“More above”, and the opp is distal
What is anterior-ventral? What is the opp?
Anterior or ventral means in front. The opposite is posterior.
What is superficial? The opp?
External, opposite is deep or internal
Ipsilateral
Belonging to or occurring on the same side if the body
Contralateral
relating to or denoting the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs
Bilateral
Both sides
Sagittal plan
Dividing the frontal body in half
What is it called when the Sagittal plane is directly in the middle?
Midsaggital or median
What is a transverse plane?
Dividing the body into top and bottom half
What is the frontal or coronal plane?
Divides the body into front and back
What are the dorsal cavities?
Cranial and spinal
What are the ventral cavities?
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
_______: Cavity containing urinary and reproductive organs surrounded by pelvic bones
Pelvic
__________: cavity containing liver, stomach, diaphragm superior boundary
Abdominal
_________: cavity containing heart and lungs, diaphragm inferior boundary
Thoracic
Diffusion
Movement from high to low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a membrane
Facilitated diffusion
Passive transport but needs protein help
Filtrated
Movement via hydrostatic pressure that moves whatever can fit through the wall of the membrane
Active transport
Opposite of concentration gradient
Active transport
Opposite of conc gradient
Endocytosis/Phagocytosis
Cell “eating”
Phagocytosis
Eating those cells
Phagocyte
A cell that does its eating as its job
Exocytosis
A cell pushes out particles using a secretory vesicle
Negative feedback loops
Mechanisms that result in opposite effect (thyroid high NFL lower them)
Positive feedback loops
Mechanism that results in the same effect (mostly associated with disease, but sometimes a good thing)
_______ muscle: striated with nucleus near the periphery of the cell
Skeletal
________ muscle: striated with nucleus near the periphery of the cell, but also darker striations dispersed among the cell (intercalated disks)
Cardiac
________ muscle: no striations, L to R that have nucleus in the middle
Smooth
_______ tissue: will have branching cells that are interconnected
Nervous
The dendrites, axon, and neurologia cells that are dispersed between the ___________
Neurons
What are the cells in connective tissue
Fibroblasts
What are the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue?
Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
___________: has elastic or collagen fibers with nucleus dispersed throughout
Loose, or areolar, connective tissue
____________: has collagen fibers and nucleus of fibroblasts
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
______________: has bubbly adipocytes or fat cells
Adipose tissue
____________: found in between bones. Chrondocyte in a lacuna
Hyaline cartilage
____________ intervertebral disk that has collagen fibers in the matrix and chondrocyte in lacuna
Fibrocartilage
____________ in the matrix and chondrocyte in lacunae
Elastic cartilage
__________ matrix organized in to lamellae with a central canal and lacuna
Compact bone
___________________: Membranes that secrete mucous (more viscous than water)
Mucous membrane
Serous membrane
Membranes that secrete serum =
Cutaneous membrane
The technical term for out skin
Synovial membrane
A specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of the synovial joints and tendon sheath
