Human Muscles Flashcards
Sphincter around mouth
A = Closes and protrudes lips
Orbicularis oris
Sphincter around eye
A = Closes eyelids
Orbiculares oculi
A = Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness
Risorius
Raise angle of mouth; smile
Zygomaticus
Compress cheek; blowing and sucking
Buccinator
Depress mandible; draws lip downward as in pouting; tightens and wrinkles skin of neck
Platysma
Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, draws scalp foreword
Frontalis
Draws scalp backward
Occipitalis
O = Zygomatic arch
I = Ramus of mandible
A = Elevates mandible
Masseter
Elevates and retracts mandible
Temporalis
Elevates hyoid and larynx, depresses mandible
Digastric
O = Sternum and clavicle
I = Mastoid process of temporal bone
A = If both sides contract, it flexes the neck; if one side contracts, it rotates the head towards the opposite side
Sternocleidomastoid
Both sides extend head; one side rotates head to the same side as the contracting muscle
Spelnius capitus
O = First 9 ribs
I = Vertebral border of scapula, ventral side
A = Abducts scapula
Serratus anterior
O = Ribs 3-5
I = Coracoid process of scapula
A = Depresses scapula; protracts scapula
Pec minor
Adducts scapula
Rombodieus
O = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T12
I = Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
A = Elevates (upper portion) or depresses (lower portion) scapula; adducts scapula, extends head
Trapezius
O = Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
I = Greater tubercle of humerus
A = Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
Pec major
O = Spinous processes of T7 through all lumbar through sacrum, posterior iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
I = Intertubercular groove of humerus
A = Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
Lattisimus dorsi\
O = Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A = Abducts arm
Deltoid
O = Supraspinous fossa
I = Greater tubercle of humerus
A = Abducts arm
Supraspinatus
O = Infraspinous fossa
I = Greater tubercle of humerus
A = Rotates arm laterally
Infraspinatus
O = Subscapular fossa
I = Lesser tubercle of humerus
A = Rotates arm medially
Subscapularis
Medial rotates and adducts arm
Teres major
Rotates arm laterally
Teres minor
O = Above the glenoid fossa; coracoid process of scapula
I = Radial tuberosity
A = Flexes forearm (elbow) and supinates forearm
Biceps brachii
Flexes forearm
Brachialis
O = Long head-below glenoid fossa; Lateral head-lateral and posterior shaft of humerus proximally; Medial head- posterior surface of humerus distally
I = Olecranon process of ulna
A = Extends forearm (elbow)
Triceps brachii
Supinates forearm
Suppinator
Pronates forearm
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
O = Medial epicondyle of humerus
I = Ventral surface of metacarpals II, III
A = Flexes and abducts palm
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexes and adducts palm
Flexor carpi ulnaris,
Flexes palm
Flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus
Flexes phalanges
Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundis
Extends palm
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
entensor digitorum
Extends and abduct palm
Extensor carpi radialis
Extends and adducts palm
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends phalanges and palm
Extensor digitorum
O = Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
I = Gluteal tuberosity of femur
A = Extends thigh (hip joint) and laterally rotates thigh
Gluteus max
Muscles that abduct the thigh
Gluteus medius, gluteus min, TFL
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Glut med and min
Tenses lateral fascia, flexes thigh (hip) and abducts thigh
TFL
O = Pubis
I = Linea aspera of femur
A = Adducts thigh
Adductor longus
Adducts thigh
Adductor longus, magnus, and brevis
O = Anterior inferior iliac spine
I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A = Extends leg (knee), flexes thigh (hip)
Rectus femoris
O = Greater trochanter and lateral to linea aspera of femur
I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A = Extends leg
Vastus lateralis
O = Medial to linea aspera of femur
I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A = Extends leg
Vastus medialis
O = Anterior surface of femur
I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A = Extends leg
Vastus medialis
Extends leg
Quadriceps femoris
Flexes leg
Hamstrings
O = Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
I = Lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula
A = Flexes leg (knee), extends thigh (hip)
Bicceps femoris
O = Ischial tuberosity
I = Medial surface of proximal tibia
A = Flexes leg and extends thigh
Ischial tuberosity
O = Ischial tuberosity
I = Medial condyle of tibia
A = Flexes leg and extends thigh
Semimembranosus
Flexes leg and adducts thigh
Gracilis
Flex thigh and leg, rotate thigh laterally
Sartorius
Dorsiflexes foot
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus
O = Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
I = Dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5
A = Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Plantar flexes and everts foot
Peroneus longus = Fibularis longus
O = Above lateral and medial condyles of femur
I = Calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon
A = Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee
Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee
Plantar flexes foot
Soleus and flexor digitorum longusand gastrocnemius
Flexes toes and plantar flexes foot
Flexor digit long
O = Lower 8 ribs
I = Linea alba and iliac crest
A = Compresses abdomen; flexes or bends spine; depresses ribs
Ex ab oblique
A = Compresses abdomen, flexes or bends spine; depresses ribs
In ab obl
Compresses ab
Trans ab
O = Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
I = Symphysis pubis
A = Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and depresses ribs
Rectus abdominus
Increase size of thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
O = One rib
I = Next rib
A = Breathing [elevates ribs]
Ex intercostals
O = One rib
I = Next rib
A = Breathing [depresses ribs]
In intercostals
Extends the vertebral column and bends it laterally
Iliocostalis
Muscles that extend the vertebrae
Erector spinae: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
