Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Compare the structural and functional differences between the somatic efferent and autonomic portions of the nervous system
Somatic efferent involves one motor neuron and travels to a skeletal muscle. VOLUNTARY
Visceral efferent (ANS) involves a preganglionic and postganglionic neuron and travels to a smooth, cardiac, or gland. INVOLUNTARY
_______________: also known as the thoracolumbar division
Sympathetic division
_______________: flight or flight
Sympathetic
_______________: short myelinated neurons of the sympathetic division
Preganglionic neurons
_______________: ganglia located closer to the v column in the SNS
Sympathetic chain ganglion
_______________: branching of the pre-ganglionic neuron from the spinal nerve
White ramus
_______________: branching of the post-ganglionic neuron to rejoin the spinal nerve
Gray ramus
_______________: neuron of the ANS that travels from the CNS to ganglion and is myelinated
Preganglionic
_______________: neuron of the ANS that travels from the ganglion to the effector
Post-ganglionic
Name 3 types of collateral or prevertebral autonomic ganglia in the sympathetic division
1 celiac ganglion
2 superior mesenteric ganglion
3 inferior mesenteric ganglion
_______________ ganglion: sends postganglionic fibers to the upper abdominal structures such as the stomach and liver
Celiac
_______________ ganglion: sends postganglionic fibers to middle abdominal structures such as the small intestine
Superior mesenteric
_______________ ganglion: sends post ganglionic fibers to lower abdominal and pelvic structures such as the large intestine
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
In the sympathetic division the preganglionic neuron travels with the ______________
Spinal nerve
After the preganglionic neuron leaves the vertebrae it branches away from the spinal nerve and is called the ________________________
White ramus communicans
The white ramus communicans can synapse at the same level and the postganglionic neuron branch that rejoins the spinal nerve is the _________________
Grey ramus communicans
The preganglionic neuron can also travel up or down the sympathetic truck and have a synapse at any level with the postganglionic neuron. T or F?
T
_____________: pertaining to viscera
Splanchnic nerve
_______________: preganglionic axons which enter and then exit the sympathetic chain ganglion without synapsing
Splanchnic nerve
_______________: fight or flight
_______________: rest and digest
Sympathic division
Parasympathetic division
What are the 2 division of the ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What structure does not have a postganglionic neuron?
Adrenal medulla which is part of the sympathetic division
The preganglionic neuron exits the spinal cord between _______
T1-L2
PreG neurons are typically short in the sympathetic division and postG neurons are long. T or F?
T
_______________: a chain of interconnected ganglia so that the sympathetic response is widespread and shows divergence
Sympathetic trunk
_______________: allows the stimulation that may have begun at L2 to have an effect at the level of your head
Sympathetic trunk
In the ________ division the preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord in the S2-S4 region as well as from the brainstem along Cr. nerves III, VII, IX and X
Parasympathetic
Which division of ANS exhibits interconnections between preganglionic neurons?
sympathetic
Isolated responses are the norm for parasympathetic. T or F?
T
In which division are preG neurons short? Long?
Short- sympathetic
Long- parasympathetic
The adrenal medulla has preG neurons that run all the way to its core. T or F?
T
Which division of the ANS has more divergence?
Sympathetic, rare to have an isolated response (ex HR without anything else)
________________: fibers release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter for the synapse
Cholinergic
________________: releases norepinephrine and represents the post G neuron in SNS
andregenic
Which division has adregenic neurons?
SNS (post-ganglionic neuron)
Two types of aCH receptors
Muscarinic
Nicotinic
Where are muscarinic ACH receptors found?
On the effectors of PNS
Nicotinic receptors are found where?
Post G neurons SNS and PNS
Name 2 types of receptors for norepinephrine
Alpha (1 and 2 most common)
Beta
______________: stimulation of these receptors works with NT released from adrenal medulla during fight or flight in excitation
Alpha receptors
Slowing of heart rate, contricting of pupil, and increasing salivation are all examples of responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation. T or F?
T
Contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of cutaneous blood vessel is an example of a reaction from alpha receptor excitation. T or F?
T
______________: found in the heart and are stimulatory causing increased rate and force of contraction when stimulated
Beta 1 receptor
______________: tend to be inhibitory receptors, usually giving a relaxation response in the SNS sich as relaxation of the smooth muscle surrounding an airway
Beta 2
Explain the role of the hypothalamus and its relationship to the SNS and PNS
Control
Effect of atropine on ANS?
Atropine is antimuscarinic and therefore blocks PNS
Effect of SNS and PNS on heart
SNS increase
PNS decrease
Effect of SNS and PNS on airway and breathing
SNS dilates, increases RR
PNS opposite
Effect of SNS and PNS on digestion
SNS inhibits
PNS opposite *salivation
Effect of SNS and PNS on sweat
SNS sweat
PNS doesnt go to skin structures
Effect of SNS and PNS on adrenal medulla
SNS release of epi —> fight or flight
PNS doesnt go there
Effect of SNS and PNS on blood vessels (cutaneous and abdominal)
SNS constriction
PNS doesnt go there
Effect of SNS and PNS on skeletal blood vessesls
SNS dialation
PNS doesnt go there
Effect of SNS and PNS on urinary bladder
SNS contraction sphincter, relaxation of bladder—> not pee
PNS opposite —> pee
