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A&P > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Compare the structural and functional differences between the somatic efferent and autonomic portions of the nervous system

A

Somatic efferent involves one motor neuron and travels to a skeletal muscle. VOLUNTARY

Visceral efferent (ANS) involves a preganglionic and postganglionic neuron and travels to a smooth, cardiac, or gland. INVOLUNTARY

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2
Q

_______________: also known as the thoracolumbar division

A

Sympathetic division

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3
Q

_______________: flight or flight

A

Sympathetic

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4
Q

_______________: short myelinated neurons of the sympathetic division

A

Preganglionic neurons

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5
Q

_______________: ganglia located closer to the v column in the SNS

A

Sympathetic chain ganglion

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6
Q

_______________: branching of the pre-ganglionic neuron from the spinal nerve

A

White ramus

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7
Q

_______________: branching of the post-ganglionic neuron to rejoin the spinal nerve

A

Gray ramus

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8
Q

_______________: neuron of the ANS that travels from the CNS to ganglion and is myelinated

A

Preganglionic

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9
Q

_______________: neuron of the ANS that travels from the ganglion to the effector

A

Post-ganglionic

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10
Q

Name 3 types of collateral or prevertebral autonomic ganglia in the sympathetic division

A

1 celiac ganglion
2 superior mesenteric ganglion
3 inferior mesenteric ganglion

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11
Q

_______________ ganglion: sends postganglionic fibers to the upper abdominal structures such as the stomach and liver

A

Celiac

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12
Q

_______________ ganglion: sends postganglionic fibers to middle abdominal structures such as the small intestine

A

Superior mesenteric

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13
Q

_______________ ganglion: sends post ganglionic fibers to lower abdominal and pelvic structures such as the large intestine

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

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14
Q

In the sympathetic division the preganglionic neuron travels with the ______________

A

Spinal nerve

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15
Q

After the preganglionic neuron leaves the vertebrae it branches away from the spinal nerve and is called the ________________________

A

White ramus communicans

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16
Q

The white ramus communicans can synapse at the same level and the postganglionic neuron branch that rejoins the spinal nerve is the _________________

A

Grey ramus communicans

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17
Q

The preganglionic neuron can also travel up or down the sympathetic truck and have a synapse at any level with the postganglionic neuron. T or F?

A

T

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18
Q

_____________: pertaining to viscera

A

Splanchnic nerve

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19
Q

_______________: preganglionic axons which enter and then exit the sympathetic chain ganglion without synapsing

A

Splanchnic nerve

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20
Q

_______________: fight or flight
_______________: rest and digest

A

Sympathic division

Parasympathetic division

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21
Q

What are the 2 division of the ANS

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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22
Q

What structure does not have a postganglionic neuron?

A

Adrenal medulla which is part of the sympathetic division

23
Q

The preganglionic neuron exits the spinal cord between _______

A

T1-L2

24
Q

PreG neurons are typically short in the sympathetic division and postG neurons are long. T or F?

A

T

25
Q

_______________: a chain of interconnected ganglia so that the sympathetic response is widespread and shows divergence

A

Sympathetic trunk

26
Q

_______________: allows the stimulation that may have begun at L2 to have an effect at the level of your head

A

Sympathetic trunk

27
Q

In the ________ division the preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord in the S2-S4 region as well as from the brainstem along Cr. nerves III, VII, IX and X

A

Parasympathetic

28
Q

Which division of ANS exhibits interconnections between preganglionic neurons?

A

sympathetic

29
Q

Isolated responses are the norm for parasympathetic. T or F?

A

T

30
Q

In which division are preG neurons short? Long?

A

Short- sympathetic

Long- parasympathetic

31
Q

The adrenal medulla has preG neurons that run all the way to its core. T or F?

A

T

32
Q

Which division of the ANS has more divergence?

A

Sympathetic, rare to have an isolated response (ex HR without anything else)

33
Q

________________: fibers release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter for the synapse

A

Cholinergic

34
Q

________________: releases norepinephrine and represents the post G neuron in SNS

A

andregenic

35
Q

Which division has adregenic neurons?

A

SNS (post-ganglionic neuron)

36
Q

Two types of aCH receptors

A

Muscarinic

Nicotinic

37
Q

Where are muscarinic ACH receptors found?

A

On the effectors of PNS

38
Q

Nicotinic receptors are found where?

A

Post G neurons SNS and PNS

39
Q

Name 2 types of receptors for norepinephrine

A

Alpha (1 and 2 most common)

Beta

40
Q

______________: stimulation of these receptors works with NT released from adrenal medulla during fight or flight in excitation

A

Alpha receptors

41
Q

Slowing of heart rate, contricting of pupil, and increasing salivation are all examples of responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation. T or F?

A

T

42
Q

Contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of cutaneous blood vessel is an example of a reaction from alpha receptor excitation. T or F?

A

T

43
Q

______________: found in the heart and are stimulatory causing increased rate and force of contraction when stimulated

A

Beta 1 receptor

44
Q

______________: tend to be inhibitory receptors, usually giving a relaxation response in the SNS sich as relaxation of the smooth muscle surrounding an airway

A

Beta 2

45
Q

Explain the role of the hypothalamus and its relationship to the SNS and PNS

A

Control

46
Q

Effect of atropine on ANS?

A

Atropine is antimuscarinic and therefore blocks PNS

47
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on heart

A

SNS increase

PNS decrease

48
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on airway and breathing

A

SNS dilates, increases RR

PNS opposite

49
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on digestion

A

SNS inhibits

PNS opposite *salivation

50
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on sweat

A

SNS sweat

PNS doesnt go to skin structures

51
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on adrenal medulla

A

SNS release of epi —> fight or flight

PNS doesnt go there

52
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on blood vessels (cutaneous and abdominal)

A

SNS constriction

PNS doesnt go there

53
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on skeletal blood vessesls

A

SNS dialation

PNS doesnt go there

54
Q

Effect of SNS and PNS on urinary bladder

A

SNS contraction sphincter, relaxation of bladder—> not pee

PNS opposite —> pee

A&P (22 decks)

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