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Physiology, anatomy and biomechanics (2) > Skeletal system, joints and planes of movement > Flashcards

Skeletal system, joints and planes of movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • Store minerals
  • Protect internal organs
  • Shape and support
  • Produce blood cells
  • Movement
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2
Q

What are the five classifications of bones?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid
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3
Q

Describe and give an example of a long bone

A
  • Longer than it is wide
  • Act as levers for movement and sites for blood cell production
  • Femur/ Humerus/ Phalanges/ Ulna/ Radius
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4
Q

Describe and give an example of a short bone

A
  • As wide as they are long
  • Bear weight well but provide little movement
  • Carpals/ Tarsals
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5
Q

Describe and give an example of a flat bone

A
  • Flat plates of bone that are strong to protect internal organs
  • Act as a bas for muscular endurance
  • Cranium/ Sternum/ Ribs/ Pelvis
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6
Q

Describe and give an example of an irregular bone

A
  • Non-uniform shape

- Vertebrae

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7
Q

Describe and give an example of a sesamoid bone

A
  • Found at joints
  • Ease joint movement
  • Resists compression
  • Patella
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8
Q

Name the five components of a synovial joint

A
  • Bursa
  • Joint capsule
  • Ligament
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular cartilage
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9
Q

Describe the structure and function of the bursa

A
  • Closed fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
  • Reduces friction between tendons and bones
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10
Q

Describe the structure and function of the joint capsule

A
  • A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

- Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

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11
Q

Describe the structure and function of the ligament

A
  • A tough band of connective tissue with is slightly elastic
  • Connects bone to bone and stabilises joint movement
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12
Q

Describe the structure and function of the synovial fluid

A
  • Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

- Reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage

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13
Q

Describe the structure and function of the articular cartilage

A
  • Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones
  • Absorbs shock and allows friction free movement
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14
Q

Describe and give an example of a hinge joint

A
  • Cylindrical bone articulates with a trough shaped bone held tightly by ligaments to limit sideways movement
  • One plane of movement
  • Elbow, knee, ankle
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15
Q

What are the possible movements at a hinge joint?

A

Flexion, extension, plantar and dorsi flexion

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16
Q

?Describe and give an example of a pivot joint?

A
  • A rounded bone articulates with a ring shaped bone which restricts
  • One plane of movement
  • Radio-ulna, atlanto-axial
17
Q

What are the possible movements at a pivot joint?

A

Rotation

18
Q

Define ‘rotation’

A

Articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver type motion

19
Q

Describe and give an example of a gliding joint

A
  • Almost flat, similar size bones articulate with limited motion
  • Three planes of movement
  • Vertebrae/ Carpals
20
Q

Describe and give an example of a ball and socket joint

A
  • A ball shaped head articulates with a cup shaped socket to give a large range of motion
  • Three planes of movement
  • Shoulder and hip
21
Q

What movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, horizontal flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation

22
Q

Describe and give an example of a condyloid joint

A
  • Similar to a ball and socket joint but the bone surfaces are flatter
  • Two planes of motion
  • Wrist
23
Q

What movements are possible at a condyloid joint?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

24
Q

Describe the sagittal plane of movement

A
  • Lies vertically to divide the body into left and right from medial to lateral
  • All forward and backward movement
  • Jogging
25
Q

Describe the frontal plane of movement

A
  • Lies vertically dividing the body into left and right (anterior to posterior)
  • Abduction and adduction
  • Star jump
26
Q

Describe the transverse plane of movement

A
  • Horizontal dividing the body into superior and inferior (top and bottom)
  • Rotation or turning
  • Leg press

Physiology, anatomy and biomechanics (2) (27 decks)

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