Lifestyle diseases Flashcards
Name four cardiovascular diseases
- Atherosclerosis
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Coronary heart disease
Name the two types of stroke
Ischaemic
Haemorrhagic
Describe an ischaemic stroke
Blockage in cerebral artery cutting off the blood supply to the brain
Describe a haemorrhagic stoke
Blood vessel burst on the surface of the brain
Describe a heart attack
Atheroma (fatty plaque) breaks away from the arterial wall causing a blood clot
- block coronary artery
- cuts off O2 supply
- death of cells
How many heart attacks are fatal?
30%
Describe coronary heart disease
Result of atherosclerosis or coronary arteries
- Lower O2 supply restricts cardiac respiration
- Angina
- Heart attack
Describe atherosclerosis
Fatty deposits from hard plaque on arterial walls
Decreased blood flow
Blood clot
Chronic high blood pressure
Describe some effects of training on CV diseases
- decrease body mass decrease strain in heart
- cardiac hypertrophy increases ventricular power and efficiency reducing heart attacks
- decreased body lipids and cholesterol slows atherosclerosis and hypertension
- increases blood flow decreases pressure
Name two respiratory diseases
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Asthma
Describe COPD
- Airways inflamed and narrow
- bronciole walls thicken
- more mucous produced
- damage to alveoli
- lung tissueess efficient
- severe asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Describe asthma
- constriction of bronichole Airways
- mucous production.
- presence of an irritant
What effects can training have on respiratory disease?
- full use of lung tissue and elasticity decreases risk of infection associated with COPD
- increased surface area of alveoli and Pulmonary capillaries to maximise gas exchange
- increase respiratory muscle strength decreases asthmatic symptoms
