Diet Flashcards
1
Q
Describe macronutrients
A
- Provide the body with energy
- Need large amounts to sustain the body
- 3 types: Carbohydrates, fats and proteins
2
Q
Describe carbohydrates
A
- Primary energy source for energy production
- Broken down into glucose to be absorbed in the bloodstream and for energy
- Provides 50% of the body’s energy
3
Q
Describe the three types of carbohydrates
A
- Sugar (intrinsic; natural from cell structure in fruit and veg. Extrinsic; added, sweet and quick source of energy)
- Starches (slow releasing energy and take longer to digest)
- Dietary fibre (cannot be digested but does from the cel structure of plants)
4
Q
Describe fibre
A
- Form of carbohydrates
- Not able to be digested
- Stabilises blood glucose, aids digestion and reduces cholesterol
- Slows down the rat of digestion and provides more stable and sustained energy release
5
Q
Describe fats
A
- Secondary source of energy only used for aerobic activity
- Insulates and protects organs and nerves
- Some vitamins only stored in fats
6
Q
Describe the two different types of fats
A
- Saturated (red meat and dairy - increase risk of cardiovascular disease, the cholesterol in the liver is needed by cells and hormones but too much blocks arteries)
- Unsaturated (oil and avocado - heather than animal fats to promote recovery and reduce joint inflammation and stiffness)
7
Q
Describe protein
A
- Anaerobic energy source once carbs and fats have been depleted
- Used for growth, repair, building enzymes, collagen in cartilage and antibodies
- Chains of amino acids - indispensable amino acids are vital
- Novel proteins: grown from microorganisms that produce mycoprotein aka Quorn
8
Q
Describe micronutrients
A
- No calories
- Involved in energy production
9
Q
Name four minerals
A
Calcium, iron, phosphorous and sodium
10
Q
Why is calcium needed?
A
Bone and teeth development, muscular contractions, blood clotting and nerve transmission
11
Q
Why is iron needed?
A
Red blood cell and haemoglobin production, supports immune system
12
Q
Why is phosphorous needed?
A
Bone health and energy production
13
Q
Why is sodium needed?
A
Bone health, nerve transmission and muscle contractions
14
Q
What vitamins are stored in fat?
A
A, D, E & K
15
Q
What vitamins are soluble and so not stored in the body?
A
B & C
