Injury

Question 1

Define ‘incomplete fracture’

Answer 1

A partial crack which doesn’t cause complete separation of the bone

Question 2

Define ‘complete fracture’

Answer 2

A total break separating the bone into fragments

Question 3

Name the eight types of fracture

Answer 3

Transverse, Oblique, Spiral, Communicated, Avulsion, Impacted, Fissure, Greenstick

Question 4

Describe a transverse fracture

Answer 4

When a fracture line is perpendicular to the shaft (long side) of the bone

Question 5

Describe an oblique fracture

Answer 5

When the fracture line is on an angle through the bone

Question 6

Describe an spiral fracture

Answer 6

A circular, twisted type of fracture when a rotating force is applied along the axis of a bone

Question 7

Describe a communicated fracture

Answer 7

When the bone breaks into several pieces

Question 8

Describe an avulsion fracture

Answer 8

When a tendon or ligament pulls of a piece of bone

Question 9

Describe an impacted fracture

Answer 9

When broken ends of a bone are jammed together by the force of the injury

Question 10

Describe a fissure fracture

Answer 10

When a hairline size crack occurs on the surface of the bone

Question 11

Describe a greenstick fracture

Answer 11

When a bone bends but does not fully break, most common in children because they have greater flexibility and softer bones

Question 12

How do fractures occur?

Answer 12

As a result of a direct or indirect force (falling/ poor technique)

Question 13

What are the symptoms of bone fractures?

Answer 13

Pain, inability to move, unnatural movement, deformity, swelling and discolouration

Question 14

Define ‘dislocation’

Answer 14

When a bone is disturbed out of place within a joint out of its original position

Question 15

How do dislocations occur?

Answer 15

From direct or indirect force that pulls the joint out of its range of motion

Question 16

What are the symptoms of dislocation?

Answer 16

Pain, loss of movement, deformity and/ or feeling of something having ‘popped’

Question 17

Describe the two types of dislocation

Answer 17

Anterior - a forward dislocation (95% of all shoulder dislocations)
Posterior - comes out of the joint backwards

Question 18

What is Haematoma? What are the symptoms?

Answer 18

Localised congealed bleeding from ruptured tissue, swelling and discolouration

Question 19

What is a contusion?

Answer 19

A region of injured tissue or skin in which the blood capillaries have been ruptured which may cause deep tissue damage

Question 20

What is a sprain? What are the symptoms? How is it caused?

Answer 20

Overstretched or torn ligaments as a result of a fall or twist that forces the joint out of its range of movement
- pain, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight

Question 21

What is a strain? How is it caused? What are the symptoms?

Answer 21

Damage to muscle fibres or tendons caused by over-stretching or a rupture by muscle contractions occurring too quickly
- pain, swelling, discolouration and bruising

Question 22

What are the grades of a strain?

Answer 22

1 - damage to less than 5% of muscle fibres (2/3 weeks rest)
2 - loss of strength and motion but not complete rupture (3-6 weeks rest)
3 - complete rupture usually requires surgery and 3 months of rehab

Question 23

What is an abrasion? How is it caused? Symptoms?

Answer 23

Superficial damage to the skin usually occurs by a scraping action against a hard surface, can be treated at home but the worst will damage nerve endings and lacerations need medical attention

Question 24

What is a blister?

Answer 24

Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid occurs but can be prevented with adequate clothing

Question 25

What is a concussion? Cause? Symptoms?

Answer 25

A traumatic brain injury that disturbs brain function caused by a disruption to neurological processes
- seizure, unconsciousness, loss of balance, disorientation and confusion

Question 26

How is the brain impacted to cause concussion?

Answer 26

The brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid in the skill and so rebounds off the rough inner wall

Question 27

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 27

A small crack on the bone surface due to an overload of stress to the bone tissue most common to athletes who train on hard surfaces and commonly occur in the tibia

Question 28

Name a hard tissue injury

Answer 28

Fractures

Question 29

What are shin splints?

Answer 29

Pain in the shins due to overuse and stress on the tibialis anterior and posterior causing tendons to become inflamed

Question 30

What are the causes of shin splints and who is it most common for?

Answer 30

Overuse and stress on the tibialis anterior and posterior, overweight, poor footwear and poor leg biomechanics
- runners, dancers, gymnasts and footballers

Question 31

What is the most common form of shin splints?

Answer 31

Medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 32

What is tendonitis? Symptoms? Cause?

Answer 32

Deterioration of the tendon collagen due to overuse

- burning, stinging, aching, tenderness an stiffness

Question 33

Name the soft tissue injuries

Answer 33

Shin splints and tendonitis

Question 34

What is an acute injury?

Answer 34

An injury that occurs suddenly usually associated with a traumatic event such as fractures and muscle tears

Question 35

What is a chronic injury?

Answer 35

Injuries that develop over time and are long lasting but the pain and symptoms are milder than acute injuries

Question 36

Name the acute injuries

Answer 36

Sprain, Strain, Fracture, Concussion, Abrasion

Question 37

Name the chronic injuries

Answer 37

Tendonitis, Shin splints, Stress fracture, Tennis elbow

Question 38

What is tennis elbow?

Answer 38

Tendonitis in the elbow caused by overuse of muscles in the forearm due to poor technique