Skeletal system Flashcards
What are the 5 main functions of the Skeletal system?
- Movement
- Support and Protection
- Production of blood cells
- Mineral storage
- Muscle attachment
What are the 4 types of bones?
Long, short, flat and irregular
What is the purpose of long bones, give an example
They are cylindrical and found in the limbs, their main function is to act as lever for movement.
e.g- Femur, Humerus, Radius
What is the purpose of short bones, give an example
They are small and compact, and are designed for strength and weight bearing
e.g. Carpal, Tarsals
What is the purpose of flat bones, give an example
These have a flat surface, and are usually for protection of internal organs
e.g. Ribs, Cranium
What is the purpose of irregular bones, give an example
They have complex, individual shapes and functions
including protection and muscle attachment
e.g. Vertebral Column
What is the function of ligaments?
To connect bone to bone
What is the function of tendons?
To join muscle to bone
What is the classification of the knee joint?
Hinge
What type of joint has the greatest range of motion?
Ball and socket
What type of joint enables flexion and extension, and give an example
Hinge
e.g. elbow joint
What type of joint enables only rotation, and give an example
Pivot
e.g. in the neck
What type of joint enables all forms of movement except rotation, and give an example
Condyloid
e.g. in the wrist
What type of joint enables all forms of movement. and give an example
Ball and socket
e.g. in the shoulder
Describe circumduction and give a sporting example of the movement
The movement of a limb in a circle
e.g. at the shoulder joint in an overarm tennis serve
What is rotation and give a sporting example of the movement
The movement of a limb in a circle around a fixed joint/ away from the midline of the body
e.g. in the hip during a golf drive shot
What are the two types of Isotonic contractions?
Isotonic eccentric and isotonic concentric
What is an isotonic concentric contraction?
Give an example
When a muscle shortens and becomes fatter as it contracts
e.g. bicep flexion during a curl
What is an isotonic eccentric contraction?
Give an example
When a muscle contracts and lengthens whilst under tension, usually working to resist the force of gravity
e.g. lowering weights in a bicep curl
What is an isometric contraction?
A contraction involving the muscles producing tension but staying the same length
How many parts are there in the Vertebral column?
33
Describe the 5 main sections of the Vertebral column, naming their parts and how many of them there are
- Cervical (7)
- Thoracic (12)
- Lumbar (5)
- Sacrum (5)
- Coccyx (4)
How many parts does the Lumbar region of the Vertebral column have?
5
How many parts does the Cervical region of the Vertebral column have?
7
