Skeletal system

Question 1

What are the 5 main functions of the Skeletal system?

Answer 1

• Movement
• Support and Protection
• Production of blood cells
• Mineral storage
• Muscle attachment

Question 2

What are the 4 types of bones?

Answer 2

Long, short, flat and irregular

Question 3

What is the purpose of long bones, give an example

Answer 3

They are cylindrical and found in the limbs, their main function is to act as lever for movement.

e.g- Femur, Humerus, Radius

Question 4

What is the purpose of short bones, give an example

Answer 4

They are small and compact, and are designed for strength and weight bearing

e.g. Carpal, Tarsals

Question 5

What is the purpose of flat bones, give an example

Answer 5

These have a flat surface, and are usually for protection of internal organs

e.g. Ribs, Cranium

Question 6

What is the purpose of irregular bones, give an example

Answer 6

They have complex, individual shapes and functions
including protection and muscle attachment

e.g. Vertebral Column

Question 7

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 7

To connect bone to bone

Question 8

What is the function of tendons?

Answer 8

To join muscle to bone

Question 9

What is the classification of the knee joint?

Answer 9

Hinge

Question 10

What type of joint has the greatest range of motion?

Answer 10

Ball and socket

Question 11

What type of joint enables flexion and extension, and give an example

Answer 11

Hinge

e.g. elbow joint

Question 12

What type of joint enables only rotation, and give an example

Answer 12

Pivot

e.g. in the neck

Question 13

What type of joint enables all forms of movement except rotation, and give an example

Answer 13

Condyloid

e.g. in the wrist

Question 14

What type of joint enables all forms of movement. and give an example

Answer 14

Ball and socket

e.g. in the shoulder

Question 15

Describe circumduction and give a sporting example of the movement

Answer 15

The movement of a limb in a circle

e.g. at the shoulder joint in an overarm tennis serve

Question 16

What is rotation and give a sporting example of the movement

Answer 16

The movement of a limb in a circle around a fixed joint/ away from the midline of the body

e.g. in the hip during a golf drive shot

Question 17

What are the two types of Isotonic contractions?

Answer 17

Isotonic eccentric and isotonic concentric

Question 18

What is an isotonic concentric contraction?

Give an example

Answer 18

When a muscle shortens and becomes fatter as it contracts

e.g. bicep flexion during a curl

Question 19

What is an isotonic eccentric contraction?

Give an example

Answer 19

When a muscle contracts and lengthens whilst under tension, usually working to resist the force of gravity

e.g. lowering weights in a bicep curl

Question 20

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 20

A contraction involving the muscles producing tension but staying the same length

Question 21

How many parts are there in the Vertebral column?

Answer 21

33

Question 22

Describe the 5 main sections of the Vertebral column, naming their parts and how many of them there are

Answer 22

• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacrum (5)
• Coccyx (4)

Question 23

How many parts does the Lumbar region of the Vertebral column have?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

How many parts does the Cervical region of the Vertebral column have?

Answer 24

7

Question 25

How many parts does the Thoracic region of the Vertebral column have?

Answer 25

12

Question 26

How many parts does the Sacrum region of the Vertebral column have?

Answer 26

5

Question 27

How many parts does the Coccyx region of the Vertebral column have?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

What is the difference between the upper 24 vertebrae and lower 9 in the Vertebral column?

Answer 28

• The upper 24 are articulating and separated from
  each other
• The lower 9 are fused

Question 29

What are the roles of ligaments, tendons and cartilage?

Answer 29

Ligaments - Tough and slightly elastic which allows them to absorb shock protecting the
joint, hold joints together, which provides stability around the joint + connect bone to bone.

Tendons - Attach muscle to bone, they are strong and inelastic, and allow muscles to pull
on bones to bring about movement

Cartilage - found at the end of bone where joints meet, they are soft and spongy, cushioning the joint and preventing friction and wear and tear

Question 30

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Answer 30

Synovial fluid lubricates synovial (freely moving) joints, so they can move smoothly