Long and Short term effects of exercise

Question 1

What does RICE stand for?

Answer 1

Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

Question 2

What are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 2

• An increase in temperature
• Increase in elasticity/range of motion - Improving
  movement fluidity and decreasing the risk of injury
• Lactate accumulation and oxygen debt

Question 3

What are the short term effects of exercise on the Vascular system?

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur

Question 4

What is Vasodilation?

Answer 4

The widening of a blood vessel lumen to allow blood to flow to active areas

Question 5

What is Vasoconstriction?

Answer 5

The narrowing of a blood vessel lumen to divert blood flow to inactive areas

Question 6

What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Tidal volume and frequency increase to allow more air into the lungs at a faster rate, to increase the rate of gaseous exchange, providing muscles with an adequate oxygen supplies for respiration

Question 7

What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiac system?

Answer 7

Heart rate and stroke volume increase, allowing more heartbeats and more blood pumped out per beat, ultimately increasing the cardiac output of the performer, allowing them to transport oxygen and nutrients faster around the body to be used as fuel for respiration and other reactions

Question 8

Why is a person less likely to strain a muscle if they have warmed up before taking part in exercise?

Answer 8

Warming up increases the temperature of the muscles which makes them more pliable (elastic) and therefore more likely to stretch rather than tear.

Question 9

Explain why the recovery heart rate is greater than resting heart rate
[3]

Answer 9

• Resting heart rate is lower as muscles are inactive
• So there is a lower demand for oxygen and therefore less blood flow
• Heart beats less
• Recovery heart rate is high as the body is working to repay oxygen debt