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Medical Terminology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal System

periosteum

A

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

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2
Q

Skeletal System

compact bone

A

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

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3
Q

Skeletal System

cancellous (spongy) bone

A

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bones

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4
Q

Skeletal System

endosteum

A

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

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5
Q

Skeletal System

diaphysis

A

shaft of the long bones

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6
Q

Skeletal System

epiphysis (pl. epiphyses)

A

end of each long bone

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7
Q

Skeletal System

bone marrow

A

material found in the cavities of the bones

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8
Q

Skeletal System

red marrow

A

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formaiton

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9
Q

Skeletal System

yellow marrow

A

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

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10
Q

Skeletal System

maxilla

A

upper jaw bone

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11
Q

Skeletal System

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

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12
Q

Skeletal System

vertebral column

A

made up of bones called vertebrae (pl) or vertebra (singular) through which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord

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13
Q

Skeletal System

cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)

A

first set of seven bones, froming the neck

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14
Q

Skeletal System

thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12)

A

second set of 12 vertebrae. They articulate with the 12 pair of ribs to form the outward curve of the spin.

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15
Q

Skeletal System

lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5)

A

third set of five larger vertebrae, which form the inward curve of the spine

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16
Q

Skeletal System

sacrum

A

next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones

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17
Q

Skeletal System

coccyx

A

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

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18
Q

Skeletal System

lamina (pl. laminae)

A

part of the vertebral arch

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19
Q

Skeletal System

clavicle

A

collarbone

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20
Q

Skeletal System

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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21
Q

Skeletal System

acromion process

A

extension of the scapula, which forms the high point of the shoulder

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22
Q

Skeletal System

sternum

A

breastbone

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23
Q

Skeletal System

xiphoid process

A

lower portion of the sternum

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24
Q

Skeletal System

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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25
Q

Skeletal System

ulna and radius

A

lower arm bones

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26
Q

Skeletal System

olecranon process

A

projection at the upper end of the ulnathat forms the the bony point of the elbow

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27
Q

Skeletal System

carpal bones

A

wrist bones

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28
Q

Skeletal System

metacarpal bones

A

hand bones

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29
Q

Skeletal System

phalanges (sing. phalanx)

A

finger and toe bones

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30
Q

Skeletal System

pelvic bone, hip bone

A

made up of three bones fused together

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31
Q

Skeletal System

ischium

A

lower rear portion on which one sits

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32
Q

Skeletal System

ilium

A

upper, wing-shaped part on each side

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33
Q

Skeletal System

pubis

A

anterior portion of the pelvic bone

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34
Q

Skeletal System

acetabulum

A

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

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35
Q

Skeletal System

femur

A

upper leg bone

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36
Q

Skeletal System

tibia and fibula

A

lower leg bones

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37
Q

Skeletal System

patella (pl. patellae)

A

kneecap

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38
Q

Skeletal System

tarsal bones

A

ankle bones

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39
Q

Skeletal System

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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40
Q

Skeletal System

metatarsal bones

A

foot bones

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41
Q

Skeletal System

articular cartilage

A

smooth layer of firm, fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints

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42
Q

Skeletal System

meniscus

A

crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee

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43
Q

Skeletal System

intervertebral disk

A

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

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44
Q

Skeletal System

pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together

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45
Q

Skeletal System

synovia

A

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

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46
Q

Skeletal System

bursa (pl. bursae)

A

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of the joint or the other

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47
Q

Skeletal System

ligament

A

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

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48
Q

Skeletal System

tendon

A

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

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49
Q

Skeletal System

aponeurosis

A

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

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50
Q

Skeletal System

skeletal muscles (also known as striated muscles)

A

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. Skeletal muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. They are also called voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles.

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51
Q

Skeletal System

smooth muscles (also known as unstriated muscles)

A

located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily

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52
Q

Skeletal System

cardiac muscle (known as myocardium)

A

forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat

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53
Q

Skeletal System

abduction (ab-DUK-shun)

A

moving away from the midline

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54
Q

Skeletal System

adduction (ad-DUK-shun)

A

moving toward the midline

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55
Q

Skeletal System

inversion (in-VER-zhun)

A

turning inward

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56
Q

Skeletal System

eversion (e-VER-zhun)

A

turning outward

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57
Q

Skeletal System

extension (ek-STEN-shun)

A

movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position

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58
Q

Skeletal System

flexion

A

movement in which the limb is bent

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59
Q

Skeletal System

pronation

A

movement that turns the palm down

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60
Q

Skeletal System

supination

A

movement tha turns the palm up

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61
Q

Skeletal System

rotation

A

turning around its own axis

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62
Q

Skeletal System

carp/o

A

carpals (wrist bone)

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63
Q

Skeletal System

clavic/o, clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collarbone)

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64
Q

Skeletal System

cost/o

A

rib

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65
Q

Skeletal System

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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66
Q

Skeletal System

femor/o

A

femur (upper leg bone)

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67
Q

Skeletal System

fibul/o

A

fibula (lower leg bone)

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68
Q

Skeletal System

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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69
Q

Skeletal System

ili/o

70
Q

Skeletal System

ischi/o

71
Q

Skeletal System

lumb/o

A

loin, lumbar region of the spine

72
Q

Skeletal System

mandibul/o

A

mandible (lower jawbone)

73
Q

Skeletal System

maxil/o

A

maxilla (upper jawbone)

74
Q

Skeletal System

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

75
Q

Skeletal System

pelv/i, pelv/o

A

pelvis, pelvic bone

76
Q

Skeletal System

phalang/o

A

phalanges (finger or toe bones)

77
Q

Skeletal System

pub/o

78
Q

Skeletal System

rachi/o

A

spine/vertebral column

79
Q

Skeletal System

radi/o

A

radius (lower arm bone)

80
Q

Skeletal System

sacr/o

81
Q

Skeletal System

scapul/o

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

82
Q

Skeletal System

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

83
Q

Skeletal System

stern/o

84
Q

Skeletal System

tars/o

A

tarsals (ankle bone)

85
Q

Skeletal System

tibi/o

A

tibia (lower leg bone)

86
Q

Skeletal System

uln/o

A

ulna (lower arm bone)

87
Q

Skeletal System

aponeur/o

A

aponeurosis

88
Q

Skeletal System

arthr/o

89
Q

Skeletal System

burs/o

A

bursa (cavity)

90
Q

Skeletal System

chondr/o

91
Q

Skeletal System

disk/o

A

intervertebral disk

92
Q

Skeletal System

menisc/o

A

meniscus (crescent)

93
Q

Skeletal System

synovi/o

A

synovia, synovial membrane

94
Q

Skeletal System

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

95
Q

Skeletal System

ankyl/o

A

crooked, stiff, bent

96
Q

Skeletal System

kinesi/o

A

movement, motion

97
Q

Skeletal System

kyph/o

A

hump (increased convexity of the spine)

98
Q

Skeletal System

lamin/o

A

lamina (thin, flat plate or layer)

99
Q

Skeletal System

lord/o

A

bent forward (increased concavity of the spine)

100
Q

Skeletal System

myel/o (also means spinal cord)

A

bone marrow

101
Q

Skeletal System

my/o, myos/o

102
Q

Skeletal System

oste/o

103
Q

Skeletal System

petr/o

104
Q

Skeletal System

scoli/o

A

crooked, curved

105
Q

Skeletal System

inter-

106
Q

Skeletal System

supra-

107
Q

Skeletal System

sym-, syn-

A

together, jointed

108
Q

Skeletal System

-asthenia

109
Q

Skeletal System

-clasia, clasis, -clast

110
Q

Skeletal System

-desis

A

surgical fixation, fusion

111
Q

Skeletal System

-physis

112
Q

Skeletal System

-schisis

A

split, fissure

113
Q

Skeletal System

ankylosis (ang-ki-LO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of stiffness

114
Q

Skeletal System

arthritis (ar-THRI-tis)

A

inflammation of a joint

115
Q

Skeletal System

bursitis (ber-SI-tis)

A

inflammation of the bursa

116
Q

Skeletal System

chondromalacia (kon-dro-ma-LA-sha)

A

softening of the cartilage

117
Q

Skeletal System

cranioschisis (kra-ne-OS-ki-sis)

A

fissure of the skull (congenital)

118
Q

Skeletal System

diskitis (dis-KI-tis)

A

inflammation of the an intervertebral disk (also called discitis)

119
Q

Skeletal System

fibromyalgia (fi-bro-mi-AL-ja)

A

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles

120
Q

Skeletal System

kyphosis (ki-FO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of a hump (also called humpback or hunchback)

121
Q

Skeletal System

lordosis (lor-DO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of bending forward (also called swayback)

122
Q

Skeletal System

maxillitis (mak-si-LI-tis)

A

inflammation of the maxilla

123
Q

Skeletal System

meniscitis (men-i-SI-tis)

A

inflammation of the meniscus

124
Q

Skeletal System

myasthenia (mi-as-THE-ne-a)

A

muscle weakness

125
Q

Skeletal System

myeloma (mi-e-LO-ma)

A

tumor of the bone marrow (malignant)

126
Q

Skeletal System

osteitis (os-te-I-tis)

A

inflammation of the bone

127
Q

Skeletal System

osteoarthritis (os-te-o-ar-THRI-tis)

A

inflammation of the bone and joint

128
Q

Skeletal System

osteochondritis (os-te-o-kon-DRI-tis)

A

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

129
Q

Skeletal System

osteofibroma (os-te-o-fi-BRO-ma)

A

tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue (benign)

130
Q

Skeletal System

osteomalacia (os-te-o-ma-LA-sha)

A

softening of bones

131
Q

Skeletal System

osteomyelitis (os-te-o-mi-e-LI-tis)

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow (caused by bacterial infection)

132
Q

Skeletal System

osteopenia (os-te-o-PE-ne-a)

A

abnormal reduction of bone mass (caused bu inadequate replacement of bone lost to normal bone lysis and can lead to osteoporosis)

133
Q

Skeletal System

osteopetrosis (os-te-o-pe-TRO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of stonelike bones (marble like bones caused by increased formation of bone)

134
Q

Skeletal System

osteosarcoma (os-te-o-sar-KO-ma)

A

malignant tumor of the bone

135
Q

Skeletal System

polymyositis (pol-e-mi-o-SI-tis)

A

inflammation of many muscles

136
Q

Skeletal System

rachischisis (ra-KIS-ki-sis)

A

fissure of the vertebral column (also called spinal bifida)

137
Q

Skeletal System

rhabdomyolysis (rab-do-mi-OL-i-sis)

A

dissolution of striated muscle (severity can vary can be caused trauma, extreme exertion and drug toxicity)

138
Q

Skeletal System

sarcopenia (sar-ko-PE-ne-a)

A

abnormal reduction of connective tissue

139
Q

Skeletal System

scoliosis (sko-le-O-sis)

A

abnormal condition of (lateral) curved spine

140
Q

Skeletal System

spondylarthritis (spon-dil-ar-THRI-tis)

A

inflammation of the vertebral joints

141
Q

Skeletal System

spondylosis (spon-di-LO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of the vertebra

142
Q

Skeletal System

synoviosarcoma (si-no-ve-o-sar-KO-ma)

A

malignant tumor of the synovial membrane

143
Q

Skeletal System

tendinitis (ten-di-NI-tis)

A

inflammation of a tendon (also spelt tendonitis)

144
Q

Skeletal System

tenosynovitis (ten-o-sin-o-VI-tis)

A

inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane

145
Q

Skeletal System

ankylosing spondylitis (ang-ki-LO-sing spon-di-LI-tis)

A

form of arthirits that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend to the spine (also called strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease, or rheumatiod spondylitis)

146
Q

Skeletal System

bunion (BUN-yun)

A

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe. It is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes (also called hallux valgus)

147
Q

Skeletal System

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

a common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve. Symptoms include pain and paresthesia in portions of the hand

148
Q

Skeletal System

Colles fracture (KOL-ez)

A

a type of wrist fracture. The fracture is at the distal end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward.

149
Q

Skeletal System

exostosis (ek-sos-TO-sis)

A

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (also called spur)

150
Q

Skeletal System

fracture (fx)

A

broken bone

151
Q

Skeletal System

gout

A

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis

152
Q

Skeletal System

herniated disk

A

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protude through it, putting pressure of the spinal nerve roots (also called slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk or herniated nucleus pulposus [HNP])

153
Q

Skeletal System

lyme disease

A

an infection caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks and transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. May include rash and flu like symptoms.

154
Q

Skeletal System

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscles and weakness

155
Q

Skeletal System

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscles exists.

156
Q

Skeletal System

osteoporosis (os-te-o-po-RO-sis)

A

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma

157
Q

Skeletal System

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body

158
Q

Skeletal System

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots. The condition is wither congenital or due to spinal degeneration. Symptoms are pain radiating to the thigh or lower legs and numbness or tingling in the lower extremities.

159
Q

Skeletal System

spondylolisthesis (spon-di-lo-lis-THE-sis)

A

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

160
Q

Skeletal System

aponeurorrhaphy (ap-o-nu-ROR-a-fe)

A

suture of an aponeurosis

161
Q

Skeletal System

arthrocentesis (ar-thro-sen-TE-sis)

A

surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid

162
Q

Skeletal System

arthroclasia (ar-thro-KLA-zha)

A

surgical breaking of a stiff joint

163
Q

Skeletal System

arthrodesis (ar-thro-DE-sis)

A

surgical fixation of a joint (also called joint fusion)

164
Q

Skeletal System

arthroplasty (AR-thro-plas-te)

A

surgical repair of a joint

165
Q

Skeletal System

bursectomy

A

excision of a bursa

166
Q

Skeletal System

carpectomy (kar-PEK-to-me)

A

excision of a carpal bone

167
Q

Skeletal System

chondrectomy (kon-DREK-to-me)

A

excision of a cartilage

168
Q

Skeletal System

Total hip replacement arthroplasty (THA)

A

replacement of the hip joint with a metallic femoral head and a plastic coated acetabulum

169
Q

Skeletal System

Birmingham hip resurfacing

A

used for younger active patients. removal of a few millimeters of bone from the femoral head instead of the entire femoral head. a metal cap is placed on top of the femur, and smooth metal is placed in the acetabulum.

170
Q

Skeletal System

Total knee joint replacement arthroplasty (TKA)

A

is designed to replace worn surfaces of the knee joint. Various prostheses are used.

171
Q

Skeletal System

metatarsal arthroplasty

A

is used to treat deformities associated with rheumatoid arthritis or hallux valgus and to treat painful or unstable joints.

172
Q

Skeletal System

chondroplasty (KON-dor-plas-te)

A

surgical repair of a cartilage

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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