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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Respiratory System

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

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2
Q

Respiratory System

alveolitis

A

inflammation of the alveolus

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3
Q

Respiratory System

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung

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4
Q

Respiratory System

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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5
Q

Respiratory System

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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6
Q

Respiratory System

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

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7
Q

Respiratory System

bronchopneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (normally caused by infection)

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8
Q

Respiratory System

diaphragmatocele (di-a-frag-MAT-o-sel)

A

Hernia of the diaphragm

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9
Q

Respiratory System

Epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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10
Q

Respiratory System

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest (pleural space)

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11
Q

Respiratory System

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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12
Q

Respiratory System

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) la-ring-go-tra-ke-o-bron-KI-tos

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

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13
Q

Respiratory System

lobar pneumonia

A

pertianing to the lobes, diseased state of the lung

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14
Q

Respiratory System

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

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15
Q

Respiratory System

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

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16
Q

Respiratory System

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

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17
Q

Respiratory System

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

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18
Q

Respiratory System

pneumatocele

A

hernia of the lung

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19
Q

Respiratory System

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

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20
Q

Respiratory System

pneumonia

A

diseased state of the lung

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21
Q

Respiratory System

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung

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22
Q

Respiratory System

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung

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23
Q

Respiratory System

pulmonary neoplasm

A

pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)

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24
Q

Respiratory System

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest

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25
Q

Respiratory System

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

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26
Q

Respiratory System

rhinomycosis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

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27
Q

Respiratory System

rhinorrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood from the nose

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28
Q

Respiratory System

thoracalgia

A

pain in the chest

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29
Q

Respiratory System

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

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30
Q

Respiratory System

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

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31
Q

Respiratory System

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

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32
Q

Respiratory System

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury

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33
Q

Respiratory System

asthma

A

respiratory disease chracterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks

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34
Q

Respiratory System

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a progressive lung disease that resticts the air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main compnents of COPD

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35
Q

Respiratory System

coccidiodomycosis

A

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

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36
Q

Respiratory System

cor pulmonale

A

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

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37
Q

Respiratory System

croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx

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38
Q

Respiratory System

cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

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39
Q

Respiratory System

deviated septum

A

one part of the nasal cavity is smalller because of malformation or injury of the nasal cavity

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40
Q

Respiratory System

emphysema

A

stretching of the lung tissuecaused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

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41
Q

Respiratory System

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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42
Q

Respiratory System

influenza

A

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus

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43
Q

Respiratory System

legionnaire disease

A

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneuophila

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44
Q

Respiratory System

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absenceof breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

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45
Q

Respiratory System

Pertussis

A

Highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

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46
Q

Respiratory System

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

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47
Q

Respiratory System

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

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48
Q

Respiratory System

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

matter forgein to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number.

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49
Q

Respiratory System

Tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

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50
Q

Respiratory System

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)

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51
Q

Respiratory System

Adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

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52
Q

Respiratory System

adenotome

A

surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids

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53
Q

Respiratory System

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchus

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54
Q

Respiratory System

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

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55
Q

Respiratory System

laryngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the larynx

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56
Q

Respiratory System

laryngostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the larynx

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57
Q

Respiratory System

laryngotracheotomy

A

incision of the larynx and trachea

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58
Q

Respiratory System

lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

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59
Q

Respiratory System

pleuropexy

A

surgical fixation of the pleura

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60
Q

Respiratory System

pneumobronchotomy

A

incision of lung and bronchus

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61
Q

Respiratory System

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung

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62
Q

Respiratory System

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

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63
Q

Respiratory System

septoplasty

A

incision into the nasal septum

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64
Q

Respiratory System

sinusotomy

A

incision of a sinus

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65
Q

Respiratory System

thoracocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

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66
Q

Respiratory System

thoracotomy

A

incision in the chest cavity

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67
Q

Respiratory System

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the tonsils

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68
Q

Respiratory System

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

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69
Q

Respiratory System

tracheostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the trachea

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70
Q

Respiratory System

tracheotomy

A

incision of the trachea

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71
Q

Respiratory System

bronchoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

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72
Q

Respiratory System

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

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73
Q

Respiratory System

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within

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74
Q

Respiratory System

endoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination within

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75
Q

Respiratory System

endoscopy

A

visual examination within

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76
Q

Respiratory System

laryngoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

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77
Q

Respiratory System

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

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78
Q

Respiratory System

capnometer

A

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide

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79
Q

Respiratory System

oximeter

A

instrument used to measure oxygen

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80
Q

Respiratory System

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volume)

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81
Q

Respiratory System

spriometry

A

a measurement of breathing (lung volume)

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82
Q

Respiratory System

polysomnography (PSG)

A

process of recording many tests during sleep

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83
Q

Respiratory System

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

A

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain.

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84
Q

Respiratory System

Chest radiograph (CXR)

A

a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

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85
Q

Respiratory System

ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

A

a nuclear medicine precedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions

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86
Q

Respiratory System

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

A

a test performed on septum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

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87
Q

Respiratory System

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

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88
Q

Respiratory System

peak flow meter (PFM)

A

a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

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89
Q

Respiratory System

pulmonary function test (PFTs)

A

a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determing respiratory function

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90
Q

Respiratory System

pulse oximetry

A

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the finertip

91
Q

Respiratory System

auscultation

A

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope.

92
Q

Respiratory System

percussion

A

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of te part beneath by the sound obtained. The dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

93
Q

Respiratory System

PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

A

a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis.

94
Q

Respiratory System

stethoscope

A

an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

95
Q

Respiratory System

acapnia

A

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

96
Q

Respiratory System

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveolus

97
Q

Respiratory System

anoxia

A

condition of the absence (deficiency) of oxygen

98
Q

Respiratory System

aphonia

A

condition of absence of voice

99
Q

Respiratory System

apnea

A

absence of breathing

100
Q

Respiratory System

bronchoalveolar

A

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

101
Q

Respiratory System

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction in the bronchi

102
Q

Respiratory System

diaphragmatic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

103
Q

Respiratory System

dysphonia

A

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

104
Q

Respiratory System

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

105
Q

Respiratory System

endotracheal

A

pertaining to within the trachea

106
Q

Respiratory System

eupnea

A

normal breathing

107
Q

Respiratory System

hypercapnia

A

condition of excess carbon dioxide (in the blood)

108
Q

Respiratory System

hypernea

A

exessive breathing

109
Q

Respiratory System

hypocapnia

A

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

110
Q

Respiratory System

hyponea

A

deficient breathing

111
Q

Respiratory System

hypoxemia

A

condition of deficient oxygen in the blood

112
Q

Respiratory System

hypoxia

A

condition of deficient oxyen (to the tissue)

113
Q

Respiratory System

intrapleural

A

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)

114
Q

Respiratory System

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

115
Q

Respiratory System

laryngospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

116
Q

Respiratory System

mucoid

A

resembling mucus

117
Q

Respiratory System

mucous

A

pertaining to mucus

118
Q

Respiratory System

nasopharyngeal

A

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

119
Q

Respiratory System

orthopnea

A

able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position

120
Q

Respiratory System

phrenalgia

A

pain in the diaphragm

121
Q

Respiratory System

phrenospasm

A

spasm of the diaphragm

122
Q

Respiratory System

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

123
Q

Respiratory System

pulmonologist

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

124
Q

Respiratory System

pulmnology

A

study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

125
Q

Respiratory System

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

126
Q

Respiratory System

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

127
Q

Respiratory System

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

128
Q

Respiratory System

airway

A

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

129
Q

Respiratory System

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen for tissue usel suffocation

130
Q

Respiratory System

aspirate

A

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

131
Q

Respiratory System

bronchoconstrictor

A

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

132
Q

Respiratory System

bronchodilator

A

agent causing the bronchi to widen

133
Q

Respiratory System

cough

A

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

134
Q

Respiratory System

hiccup

A

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

135
Q

Respiratory System

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

136
Q

Respiratory System

hypoventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body’s gas exchange needs

137
Q

Respiratory System

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

138
Q

Respiratory System

mucus

A

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

139
Q

Respiratory System

nebulizer

A

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

140
Q

Respiratory System

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired during hospitalization

141
Q

Respiratory System

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attack

142
Q

Respiratory System

patent

A

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi

143
Q

Respiratory System

sputum

A

muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

144
Q

Respiratory System

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

145
Q

Respiratory System

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

146
Q

Respiratory System

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

147
Q

Respiratory System

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

148
Q

Respiratory System

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

149
Q

Respiratory System

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

150
Q

Respiratory System

CT

A

computed tomography

151
Q

Respiratory System

CXR

A

chest radiograph

152
Q

Respiratory System

flu

A

influenza

153
Q

Respiratory System

LLL

A

left lower lobe

154
Q

Respiratory System

LTB

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

155
Q

Respiratory System

LUL

A

Left Upper Lobe

156
Q

Respiratory System

OSA

A

obstructive sleep disorder

157
Q

Respiratory System

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

158
Q

Respiratory System

PFM

A

peak flow meter

159
Q

Respiratory System

PFTs

A

pulmonary function test

160
Q

Respiratory System

PSG

A

polysomnography

161
Q

Respiratory System

RLL

A

Right Lower Lobe

162
Q

Respiratory System

RML

A

Right Middle Lobe

163
Q

Respiratory System

RUL

A

Right Upper Lobe

164
Q

Respiratory System

SOB

A

shortness of breath

165
Q

Respiratory System

TB

A

tuberculosis

166
Q

Respiratory System

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

167
Q

Respiratory System

VPS

A

ventilation-perfussion scanning

168
Q

Respiratory System

Lungs

A

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two.

169
Q

Respiratory System

Pleura

A

Double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small spave between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.

170
Q

Respiratory System

Diaphragm

A

muscular partition that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.

171
Q

Respiratory System

Mediastinum

A

space between te lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

172
Q

Respiratory System

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

173
Q

Respiratory System

alveol/o

A

alveolus

174
Q

Respiratory System

bronchi/o, bronch/o

A

bronchus

175
Q

Respiratory System

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

A

diaphragm

176
Q

Respiratory System

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

177
Q

Respiratory System

laryng/o

A

larynx

178
Q

Respiratory System

lob/o

A

lobe

179
Q

Respiratory System

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

180
Q

Respiratory System

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

181
Q

Respiratory System

pleur/o

A

pleura

182
Q

Respiratory System

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

lung, air

183
Q

Respiratory System

pulmon/o

A

lung

184
Q

Respiratory System

sept/o

A

septum (wall off, fence)

185
Q

Respiratory System

sinus/o

A

sinus

186
Q

Respiratory System

thorac/o

A

thorax (chest)

187
Q

Respiratory System

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

188
Q

Respiratory System

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplete

189
Q

Respiratory System

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

190
Q

Respiratory System

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

191
Q

Respiratory System

muc/o

A

mucus

192
Q

Respiratory System

orth/o

A

straight

193
Q

Respiratory System

ox/i, ox/o

A

oxygen

194
Q

Respiratory System

phon/o

A

sound, voice

195
Q

Respiratory System

py/o

A

pus

196
Q

Respiratory System

somn/o

A

sleep

197
Q

Respiratory System

spir/o

A

breathe, breathing

198
Q

Respiratory System

a-, an-

A

absence of, without

199
Q

Respiratory System

endo-

A

within

200
Q

Respiratory System

eu-

A

normal, good

201
Q

Respiratory System

pan-

A

all, total

202
Q

Respiratory System

poly-

A

many, much

203
Q

Respiratory System

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

204
Q

Respiratory System

-algia

A

pain

205
Q

Respiratory System

-ar, -ary, -eal

A

pertaining to

206
Q

Respiratory System

-cele

A

hernia or protrusion

207
Q

Respiratory System

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)

208
Q

Respiratory System

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilatation, expansion

209
Q

Respiratory System

-emia

A

blood condition

210
Q

Respiratory System

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic

211
Q

Respiratory System

-meter

A

insturment used to measure

212
Q

Respiratory System

-metry

A

measurement

213
Q

Respiratory System

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

214
Q

Respiratory System

-pnea

A

breathing

215
Q

Respiratory System

-rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood

216
Q

Respiratory System

-scope

A

insturment used for visual examination

217
Q

Respiratory System

-scopic

A

pertianing to visual examination

218
Q

Respiratory System

-scopy

A

visual examination

219
Q

Respiratory System

-spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

220
Q

Respiratory System

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

221
Q

Respiratory System

-stomy

A

creation of an artifical opening

222
Q

Respiratory System

-thorax

A

chest

223
Q

Respiratory System

-tomy

A

cut into or incision

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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