Endocrine System Flashcards
Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
"”Master Gland””: Two parts (neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis)
Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland location
Hangs from hypothalmus, protected by turcica
Endocrine System
Posterior pituitary gland
Produces ADH and Oxytocin, releases when neural impulse from hypothalamus
Endocrine System
Anterior pituitary gland
Produces GH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin, FSH, LH, and otherreleasing hormones.
Endocrine System
ADH
"”Vasopressin””, maintains BP by reabsorption of water by kidney tubules and vasoconstriction
Endocrine System
Oxytocin
Stimulates contraction of uterus and release of milk
Endocrine System
Hormone
Chemical substance secreted by a gland into the BLOODSTREAM that controls another gland or body system.
Endocrine System
Diuresis
The formation of urine (not peeing), but once it goes to the bladder you can’t get urine back.
Endocrine System
Amines
Variations of thyrosine, include thyroxin, epi, and nor-epi
Endocrine System
Proteins
Chains of amino acids, insulin, groth hormone, and calcitonin
Endocrine System
Steroids
Made of cholesterol, cortisol, aoldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Endocrine System
Hormones work on this feedback mechanism
Negative feedback mechanism
Endocrine System
What do endocrine glands respond to?
Blood level changes or other hormones present in the blood stream
Endocrine System
Hypothalmus
Releasing hormones for anterior pituitary
Endocrine System
Pineal Gland
Melatonin
Endocrine System
Thymus Gland
Immune hormones, huge when we’re born and gets smaller with age
Endocrine System
Pancreas
Insulin and Glucagon
Endocrine System
Ovaries
Estrogen, progesterone, and Inhibin
Endocrine System
Reabsortion
"”Put it back in the blood stream””
Endocrine System
Parathyroid Glands
PTH: parathyroid hormone can increase calcium in blood stream. They are found behind the thyroid, pea shaped and can have 3-6 other them.
Endocrine System
Adrenal (suprarenal) Glands
Cortex: Aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones Medulla: Epi and Nor-epi
Endocrine System
Testes
Testosterone, Inhibin
Endocrine System
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Increases secretion of cortisol by the adrenal glands
Endocrine System
T3 and T4
Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin: Increase energy production and rate of protein synthesis
Endocrine System
GH
Growth Hormone: Increases mitosis, amino acid transport into cell, protein synthesis, and use of fats for energy
Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland location
Front and sides of trachea, the two lobes are connected by isthmus (bridge across trachea)
Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
Produces T3, T4, and calcitonin (regulates calcium in calcium when calcium level too high ““calcitone it down””)
Endocrine System
Another name for a tumor
Neoplasm
Endocrine System
Graves Disease
Hyperthyroidism: Abnormal thyroid stimulating mechanism, increased iodide uptake, thyroid metabolism, growth, and secretion of hormone
Endocrine System
Thyrotoxic Crisis (thyroid storm)
worsening of a thyrotoxic state, possible death within 48 hours (no way to stop thyroid from releasing hormone, we can only sedate them)
Endocrine System
The hormone that lowers blood glucose level by enabling cells to take glucose in
Insulin
Endocrine System
The hormone that increases the rate of cell division
Growth Hormone
Endocrine System
Pancreas
Endocrine functions: islets of langerhans have three types of cells; Alpha, Beta, and Delta
Endocrine System
Alpha Cells in Pancreas
Produce Glucagon
Endocrine System
Beta Cells in Pancreas
Produce Insulin
Endocrine System
Delta Cells in Pancreas
Somatostatin
Endocrine System
The two hormones that regulate blood calciumn level
Parathyroid Hormone and calcitonin
Endocrine System
The hormone that intiates egg or sperm production
FSH
Endocrine System
In men, the hormone necessary for maturation of sperm
Testosterone
Endocrine System
In women, the hormone that causes ovulation
LH
Endocrine System
Two hormones that cause the liver to change glycogen to glucose
glucagon and epinephrine
Endocrine System
The hormones that increase protein synthesis and the use of all 3 food types for energy
Thyroxine
Endocrine System
Hypoglycemia
ALOC first sign because brain is most sensitive to lact of glucose, signs of shock and eventual cellular death
Endocrine System
The hormone that slows peristalsis and dilates the bronchioles
Epinephrine
Endocrine System
The hormone that has an anti-inflammatory affect
Cortisol
Endocrine System
The hormone that increases water reabsorption by the kidneys
ADH
Endocrine System
The hormone that increases calcium reabsorption by the kidneys
PTH
Endocrine System
The Hormone that increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys
Aldosterone
Endocrine System
In women, two hormones that promote growth of blood vessels in the endometrium
estrogen and progesterone
Endocrine System
In women, the hormone that promotes growth of the corpus luteum
LH
Endocrine System
The hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammory glands
prolactin
Endocrine System
The hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus during labor
oxytocin
Endocrine System
The hormone that increases the use of fats and excess amino acids for energy while sparing glucose for use by the brain
cortisol
Endocrine System
Two hormones that help maintain BP by maintaining normal blood volume
ADH and aldosterone
Endocrine System
Localized hormones that are synthesized from the phospholipids pf cell membranes
prostaglandins
Endocrine System
Glucagon
Does not add sugar, gluconeogenesis: stimulates the body to break down fats/etc to get glucose from other places in the body, works for a short period of time but builds up acid and the patient still needs glucose.
Endocrine System
Glucose cellular uptake WITHOUT insulin
1/10 as effective
Endocrine System
Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effect by stimulating the synthesis of:
Proteins
Endocrine System
The two-messenger mechanism of hormone action describes the action of:
protein hormones
Endocrine System
The hormone produced by the ovaries or testes that inhibits the secretion of FSH
Inhibin
Endocrine System
The hormone that brings about sleep
melatonin
Endocrine System
The hormone that increases excretion of potassium by the kidneys
Aldosterone
Endocrine System
The secretion of insulin in response to fluctuating blood glucose levels is a __________feedback mechanism
Negative feedback mechanism
Endocrine System
Secretion of the hormones of anterior pituitary gland is regulated by:
Hypothalamus
Endocrine System
The stimulus for secretion of glucagon
hypoglycemia
Endocrine System
The functions of epinephrine are very similar to the functions of:
The sympathetic nervous system
Endocrine System
The stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone
low blood sodium level
Endocrine System
Type II DM
Fixed number of insulin receptors get rid of them two ways, demage exceeds supply (get fat or pregnant) or wear out (with age or from excessive consumption = can’t keep up with demand)
Endocrine System
DKA Tx
ABCs, intubation, fluid boluses (1-2 liters), cardiac monitoring (hyperkelemia)
Endocrine System
HONK
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic coma- when the body does not kick in gluconeogenesis
Endocrine System
Adrenal Medulla
Catacholomines: Epi and Nor-epi
Endocrine System
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones
Endocrine System
ADH
causes vasoconstriction and water reabsorption (fluid back into blood stream)
Endocrine System
Adrenal glands
on top of kidneys
Endocrine System
In adrenal cotrex
gluco corticoids and _______ corticoids
Endocrine System
Overheating
hyperthyroidism
Endocrine System
Islets of Longehans
In the pancreas, make alpha, beta, and delta cells
Endocrine System
Infection or autoimmune of pancreas
type I DM
Endocrine System
Kussmal
Hyperglycemia
Endocrine System
Respiratory depression
hypoglycemia
Endocrine System
Rapid onset
hypoglycemia
Endocrine System
Glucagon
Is a hormone and also a beta blocker (antidote for beta blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose)
Endocrine System
15mils of D50
25 grams of sugar
