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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular System

heart

A

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The heart consits of two upper chambers the right atrium and left atrium. Two lower chambers right and left ventricles. The left atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins. The left artium receives blood from the lungs. the left venricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.

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2
Q

Cardiovascular System

atrioventricular valves

A

consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves. Valves keep blood flowing one direction.

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively

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4
Q

Cardiovascular System

pericardium

A

two-layer sac surronding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer

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5
Q

Cardiovascular System

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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6
Q

Cardiovascular System

epicardium

A

covers the heart

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7
Q

Cardiovascular System

myocardium

A

middle, thick, muscular layer

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8
Q

Cardiovascular System

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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9
Q

Cardiovascular System

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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10
Q

Cardiovascular System

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells.

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11
Q

Cardiovascular System

pulmonary artery

A

in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the hear to th lungs

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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13
Q

Cardiovascular System

aorta

A

largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen

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14
Q

Cardiovascular System

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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15
Q

Cardiovascular System

venules

A

smallest vein

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16
Q

Cardiovascular System

venae cavae

A

largest veins in the body.

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17
Q

Cardiovascular System

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.

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18
Q

Cardiovascular System

blood

A

composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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19
Q

Cardiovascular System

plasma

A

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume

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20
Q

Cardiovascular System

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.

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21
Q

Cardiovascular System

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.

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22
Q

Cardiovascular System

platelets

A

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

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23
Q

Cardiovascular System

serum

A

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

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24
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymph

A

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.

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25
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymphatic vessels

A

similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubs that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through the veins into the circulatory system.

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26
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymph nodes

A

small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.

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27
Q

Cardiovascular System

spleen

A

located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather that lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.

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28
Q

Cardiovascular System

thymus gland

A

one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.

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29
Q

Cardiovascular System

angi/o

A

vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)

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30
Q

Cardiovascular System

aort/o

A

aorta

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31
Q

Cardiovascular System

arteri/o

A

artery

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32
Q

Cardiovascular System

atri/o

A

atrium

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33
Q

Cardiovascular System

cardi/o

A

heart

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34
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymph tissue

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35
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

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36
Q

Cardiovascular System

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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37
Q

Cardiovascular System

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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38
Q

Cardiovascular System

plasm/o

A

plasma

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39
Q

Cardiovascular System

splen/o

A

spleen

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40
Q

Cardiovascular System

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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41
Q

Cardiovascular System

valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve

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42
Q

Cardiovascular System

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

43
Q

Cardiovascular System

ather/o

A

yellowish, fatty plaque

44
Q

Cardiovascular System

ech/o

A

sound

45
Q

Cardiovascular System

electr/o

A

electricity, electrical cavity

46
Q

Cardiovascular System

isch/o

A

deficiency, blockage

47
Q

Cardiovascular System

therm/o

A

heat

48
Q

Cardiovascular System

thromb/o

A

clot

49
Q

Cardiovascular System

brady-

A

slow

50
Q

Cardiovascular System

-ac

A

pertaining to

51
Q

Cardiovascular System

-apheresis

A

removal

52
Q

Cardiovascular System

-graph

A

insturment used to record; record

53
Q

Cardiovascular System

-penia

A

abnormal reduction in number

54
Q

Cardiovascular System

-poiesis

A

formation

55
Q

Cardiovascular System

-sclerosis

A

hardening

56
Q

Cardiovascular System

angioma (an-je-O-ma)

A

tumor composed of blood vessels

57
Q

Cardiovascular System

angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-NO-sis)

A

narrowing of a blood vessel

58
Q

Cardiovascular System

aortic stenosis (a-OR-tik ste-NO-sis)

A

narrowing, pertaining to aorta

59
Q

Cardiovascular System

arteriosclerosis (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis)

A

harderning of the arteries

60
Q

Cardiovascular System

atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)

A

hardening of fatty plaque

61
Q

Cardiovascular System

bradycardi (brad-e-KAR-de-a)

A

condition of a slow heart

62
Q

Cardiovascular System

cardiomegaly (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)

A

enlargement of the heart

63
Q

Cardiovascular System

cardiomyopathy (kar-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)

A

disease of the heart muscle

64
Q

Cardiovascular System

endocarditis (en-do-kar-DI-tis)

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

65
Q

Cardiovascular System

ischemia (is-KE-me-a)

A

deficiency of blood flow

66
Q

Cardiovascular System

myocarditis (mi-o-kar-DI-tis)

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

67
Q

Cardiovascular System

pericarditis (per-i-kar-DI-tis)

A

inflammation of the sac surronding the heart

68
Q

Cardiovascular System

phlebitis (fle-BI-tis)

A

inflammation of the vein

69
Q

Cardiovascular System

polyarteritis (pol-e-ar-te-RI-tis)

A

inflammation of many arteries

70
Q

Cardiovascular System

tachycardia (tak-i-KAR-de-a)

A

condition of a rapid heart (more than 100 bpm)

71
Q

Cardiovascular System

thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)

A

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot

72
Q

Cardiovascular System

valvulitis (val-vu-LI-tis)

A

inflammation of a valve of the heart

73
Q

Cardiovascular System

hematoma (he-ma-TO-ma)

A

tumor of blood

74
Q

Cardiovascular System

multiple myeloma (MUL-te-pl mi-e-LO-ma)

A

tumors of bone marrow

75
Q

Cardiovascular System

pancytopenia (pan-si-to-PE-ne-a)

A

abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells

76
Q

Cardiovascular System

thrombosis (throm-BO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of a (blood) clot

77
Q

Cardiovascular System

thrombus (THROM-bus)

A

blood clot attached to an interior wall of an artery or vein

78
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymphadenitis (lim-fad-e-NI-tis)

A

inflammation of lymph nodes

79
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-e-NOP-a-the)

A

disease of the lymph nodes

80
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymphoma (lim-FO-ma)

A

tumor of lymphatic tissue

81
Q

Cardiovascular System

splenomegaly (sple-no-MEG-a-le)

A

enlargement of the spleen

82
Q

Cardiovascular System

thymoma (thi-MO-ma)

A

tumor of th thymus gland

83
Q

Cardiovascular System

acute coronary syndrome

A

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina

84
Q

Cardiovascular System

aneurysm (AN-u-rizm)

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

85
Q

Cardiovascular System

angina pectoris (an-JI-na PEK-to-ris)

A

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

86
Q

Cardiovascular System

arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-a)

A

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

87
Q

Cardiovascular System

atrial fibrilation (AFib) (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun)

A

a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.

88
Q

Cardiovascular System

cardiac arrest (KAR-de-ak a-REST)

A

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR

89
Q

Cardiovascular System

cardiac tamponade (KAR-de-ak tam-po-NAD)

A

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

90
Q

Cardiovascular System

coarctation of the aorta (ko-ark-TA-shun a OR-ta)

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

91
Q

Cardiovascular System

congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal hart di-ZEZ)

A

heart abnormality present at birth

92
Q

Cardiovascular System

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

93
Q

Cardiovascular System

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

a condition that reduces the flow of a blood through the coronary arteries to th myocardium

94
Q

Cardiovascular System

coronary occlusion (KOR-o-nar-e o-KLU-zhun)

A

obstruction of an artery of the heart.

95
Q

Cardiovascular System

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body

96
Q

Cardiovascular System

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

A

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

97
Q

Cardiovascular System

intermittent claudication (in-ter-MIT-nt klaw-di-KA-shun)

A

pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking

98
Q

Cardiovascular System

mitral valve stenosis (MI-tral ste-NO-sis)

A

a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usually caused by episodes

99
Q

Cardiovascular System

myocardial infarcation (MI)

A

deathof a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply

100
Q

Cardiovascular System

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery

101
Q

Cardiovascular System

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

102
Q

Cardiovascular System

varicose veins

A

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

103
Q

Cardiovascular System

anemia

A

reduction in the number of red blood cells.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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