skeletal system Flashcards
major functions of the skeletal system
support, movement (provides place for muscle to attach to, protection, electrolyte and acid/base balance, blood formation, hormone secretion
cellular components of bone tissue
osteogenic cells –> stem cells
osteoblasts –> divide and form new bone by performing osteogenesis
osteocytes –> mature bone cell
osteoclasts –> breaks down bones by performing osteolysis
extracellular components of bone tissue
osteoid which is ground substance and collagen (organic)
calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) and calcium carbonate (inorganic)
distinguish between three types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage (smooth): found on ends of long bones, ribs, tip of nose
elastic cartilage (bendy): found in external ear
fibrocartilage (strong): found in menisci, intervertebral discs
roles of dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue = tendons and ligaments
dense irregular connective tissue = organ lining
identify structural components of long bone + their functions
epiphysis (ends of bone), diaphysis (shaft), epiphyseal plate (growth plate), endosteum (inner lining of medullary cavity) periosteum (outer lining that provides nutrients to compact bones)
locations of three types of cartilage
H: ends of bones, tip of nose, ribs
E: ear
F: menisci, intervertebral discs
axial vs appendicular skeletons (major bones)
axial: bones that protect CNS + heart/lungs
–> ribs, vertebrae, skull
appendicular: appendages and limbs
–> hips/legs, shoulders/arms
location and distribution of red and yellow bone marrow throughout lifetime
red bone marrow:
childhood –> found everywhere
adulthood –> axial skeleton
yellow bone marrow:
childhood –> n/a
adulthood –> appendicular skeleton
adult male vs female skeletons
male bones are denser and stronger
females are more likely to develop osteoporosis/arthritis
