endocrine system overview

Question 1

general functions of the endocrine system

Answer 1

control and integration of reproduction, growth/development, maintenance of electrolyte/water balance, regulation of cellular metabolism

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine gland or cell in a gland and travels through bloodstream

Question 3

endocrine gland

Answer 3

ductless gland that secretes directly hormones into bloodstream

Question 4

endocrine tissue

Answer 4

tissue that secrete hormones as secondary function

Question 5

target cell

Answer 5

the cell that is being acted upon by hormone

Question 6

nervous system vs endocrine system control of body functions

Answer 6

nervous system: rapid response with short duration; acts via action potentials; travel through synapses which connects to target cell

endocrine: slow response with long duration; acts via hormones in the blood; travels through bloodstream

Question 7

classic hormones vs neurohormones

Answer 7

neurohormones are produced in CNS while classical hormones are produced in glands throughout the body

Question 8

what are the endocrine organs/glands

Answer 8

pineal (neuro)
hypothalamus (neuro)
pituitary (neuro)
pancreas
thyroid (anterior to trachea)
parathyroid (posterior side of thyroid)
adrenal (top of kidneys)
gonads (reproductive)

Question 9

location of hypothalamus

Answer 9

between thalamus (below pineal) and above pituitary gland

Question 10

location of anterior/posterior pituitary

Answer 10

below hypothalamus

Question 11

major hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, their control pathways and primary targets (think adeno)

Answer 11

control pathway: hypophyseal portal system from hypothalamus to pituitary gland through blood connection

hormones: follicle stimulating, luteinzing, adenocorticotropic, thyroid stimulating, prolactin, growth hormones

Question 12

effects of anterior pituitary gland hormones

Answer 12

FSH: secretion of ovarian sex hormones/sperm production

LH: stimulates ovulation and secretion of progesterone/testerone

TSH: secretion of thyroid hormone

ACTH: stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

PRL: stimulates mammary glands to synthesize milk

GH: stimulates mitosis

Question 13

role of hypothalamic neurohormones in the release of anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 13

hypothalamus secretes hormones that trigger pituitary cells to release their hormones

Question 14

anterior pituitary pathways

Answer 14

hypothalamus secretes hormones which triggers anterior pituitary to release their hormones and target endocrine gland in the body

Question 15

name two hormones produced by the hypothalamus that are stored in the posterior pituitary

Answer 15

oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

posterior pituitary hormones effects

Answer 16

OT: stimulates labor contractions and milk release

ADH: stimulates water retention by kidneys

Question 17

role of the hypothalamus in the release of hormones from posterior pituitary (think neural)

Answer 17

hypothalamic hormones travel down tract to reach axon terminals in posterior pituitary where hormones are stored; when fired they release

Question 18

3 major classes of hormones

Answer 18

steroids, monoamines, and peptides

Question 19

steroid hormone production, storage, release, and transportation, and effect (think hydrophobic)

Answer 19

produced: from cholesterol in gonads and adrenal glands

release/transport: passes through membrane to bond to intracellular receptors

effect: alters gene expression (slow/long)

Question 20

peptide hormone production, storage, release, and transportation (think hydrophilic)

Answer 20

produced: gene transcription from mRNA

stored: in vesicles

release/transport: binds to receptors on cell membrane

effect: protein activity (fast/short