endocrine glands + organs Flashcards
thyroid gland (location, hormones, control pathways, targets, effects)
location: in front of neck
hormones: thyroid + calcitonin
targets: CNS
effects: metabolism + skeletal growth
parathyroid glands (location, hormones, control pathways, targets, effects)
location: back of thyroid gland
hormones: parathyroid hormone
targets: kidney + bones
effects: increases blood calcium levels
adrenal cortex (location, hormones, control pathways, targets, effects)
location: above kidney
hormones:
–> cortex: corticosteroids
–> medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine (catecholamines)
targets: sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
effects: increase alertness + fuel
parts of the adrenal gland
cortex (outside) and medulla (inside)
–> cortex: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
zona glomerulpsa
outermost, produces mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
aldosterone
released in response to falling blood pressure; retains sodium and water to maintain pressure
zona fasiculata
middle layer, produces glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids (cortisol)
cortisol
released in response to acth and stimulates fat and protein catabolism to make fuel available to body
zona reticularis
innermost, produces glucocorticoids and gonadocoritcoids (androgens)
androgens
released in response to ACTH as sex hormone
pancreas (location, hormones, control pathways, targets, effects)
location: back of the belly
hormones: insulin and glucagon
effects: regulates rate of glucose uptake and utilization of body tissues
thymus gland (location, hormones, control pathways, targets, effects)
location: between lungs
hormones: thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin
effects: stimulate other lymph organs to regulate development and T-cell activity
examples of hormones secreted from diffuse endocrine tissue or single endocrine cells
adipose cells that secrete leptin which helps send signals to the brain about hunger
describe a simple endocrine pathway in which response is the negative feedback
regulation of blood glucose levels in which high blood sugar triggers release of insulin, cells absorb glucose and lower sugar levels
