joints

Question 1

anatomical classification of fibrous joint

Answer 1

–> gomophosis (tooth to socket)
–> suture (plate bones of skull)
–> syndesmosis (bones connected by long collagen fibers –> interosseous membrane)

Question 2

anatomical classification of cartilaginous joint

Answer 2

–> symphysis (bones formed by fibrocartilage –> intervertebral discs)
–> synchodroses (bone joined by hyaline cartilage –> sternum to rib)

Question 3

anatomical classification of synovial joint

Answer 3

–> planar/gliding
–> hinge
–> pivot
–> condylar
–> saddle
–> ball-and-socket

Question 4

functional classification of joints

Answer 4

synarthrosis: immobile
–> fibrous/cartilage (sutures, synchondroses)

diarthrosis: freely movable
–> synovial (ball-and socket)

amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
–> fibrous/cartilage (syndesmosis, synphysis)

Question 5

relationship between anatomical and functional classification of joints

Answer 5

anatomical structure dictates functional capabilty

Question 6

major structural components of synovial joint

Answer 6

articular cartilage
joint cavity with synovial fluid
synovial fluid
joint capsule with fibrous and synovial layers

Question 7

gliding joint

Answer 7

biaxial
–> bones slide against each other across planes
found in intercarpal and intertarsal joints (moving hand side to side)

Question 8

hinge joint

Answer 8

uniaxial
–> convex end of one bone and concave end of another (open and close)
found in humeroulnar and interphalangeal joints (elbow)

Question 9

pivot joint

Answer 9

uniaxial
–> rotation around axis
found in radioulnar joint (rotating forarm)

Question 10

condylar joint

Answer 10

biaxial
–> shallow depression on one end and rounded structures on other (oval)
found in radiocarpal joints and metacarpophalangeal (knuckles)

Question 11

saddle joint

Answer 11

biaxial
–> concave in one direction and convex in another
found in 1st carpometacarpal and sternoclavincular (thumb)

Question 12

ball and socket joint

Answer 12

multiaxial
–>rounded head into concave articulation (360 degrees)
found in hip and shoulder joints

Question 13

flexion

Answer 13

bending of limb

Question 14

extension

Answer 14

straightening of limb

Question 15

abduction

Answer 15

limb away from midline

Question 16

adduction

Answer 16

limb toward midline

Question 17

rotation

Answer 17

circular movement of object around axis (head, shoulders, hips)

Question 18

circumduction

Answer 18

moving limb in circular motion
–> combines flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 19

inversion

Answer 19

moves towards midline (ankle)

Question 20

eversion

Answer 20

moves away from midline (ankle)

Question 21

protraction

Answer 21

anterior movement of limb away from body

Question 22

retraction

Answer 22

posterior movement of limb back to body