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Biomedical Science > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Skeletal System defined as?

A

Defined as the framework of :
* bones
* cartilage
* ligaments
* connective tissues

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2
Q

How many bones is the body composed of?

A

The body is composed of 206 bones.

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3
Q

Why are bones necessary?

A

They give the body form and allow joints to produce body motion.

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4
Q

Why must bones be rigid and unyielding?

A
  • To fulfill function
  • To be able to adapt & grow as body grows.
    (bone growth usually complete by late teens)
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5
Q

Bones are living tissues and contain?

A
  • Rich blood supply that provides oxygen & nutrients.
  • An extensive nerve supply.
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6
Q

What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal System?

A

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Movement
4) Storage
5) Hemopoiesis

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7
Q

What is Skeletal Support?

A

Provides structural support for entire body.

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8
Q

What is Skeletal Protection?

A

Delicate tissues are surrounded by skeletal elements.
(ex : The skull protects the brain.)

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9
Q

What is Skeletal Movement?

A

Bones work with muscles to produce movement.
(“Bones convert muscle into movement”)

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10
Q

What are bones points of attachment to?

A

Muscles and Tendons

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11
Q

What is Skeletal Storage?

A

Bones store minerals that distribute to rest of body.
* Calcium
* Phosphorus
(main minerals)

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12
Q

What are lipids used for when stored in bones?

A

Lipids are used as energy.

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13
Q

What is Skeletal Hemopoiesis?

A

Red bone marrow produces :
*red blood cells (erythrocytes)
* white blood cells (leukocytes)
* platelets (thrombocytes)

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14
Q

5 Shapes of Bones?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid
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15
Q

Describe a Long Bone?

A

Long – Are longer than they are wide.
* femur
* tibia
* humerus

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16
Q

Describe a Short Bone?

A

Short – Are nearly equal in length and width.
* carpals
* tarsals
* metacarpals

17
Q

Describe a Flat Bone?

A

Flat – Thin & relatively broad ; large surface area for muscle attachment.
* sternum
* ribs
* scapula

18
Q

Describe a Irregular Bone?

A

Irregular – Complex shapes/Rare.
* vertebrae
* sacrum
* skull

19
Q

Describe a Sesamoid Bone?

A

Sesamoid – Small bones situated with tendons.
* patella

20
Q

What is the Temporalis Muscle responsible for?

A

Helps close and move the lower jaw for chewing, biting, and mouth closure.

21
Q

What is the Orbicularis Oris Muscle responsible for?

A

Controlling lip movements and facial expressions.

22
Q

Where is the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle responsible for?

A

Controls eye closure, blinkingm and facial expressions.

23
Q

Differences between Compact & Spongy Bone?

A

Compact :
* Dense
* Strong
* Outer Layer

Spongy :
* Porous
* Flexible
* Inner Layer

24
Q

What are Intervertebral Disks and their function?

A

In between each vertebrae :
* absorbing shocks & facilitating movement
* enables smooth spinal movement
* maintains stability

25
Q

What are True Ribs?

A

1 - 7 Pairs

26
Q

What are False Ribs?

A

8 - 12 Pairs

27
Q

What are Floating Ribs?

A

11 - 12 Pairs

28
Q

Why are they called “floating” ribs?

A

Because they are not attached to the sternum, only to the vertebrae.

29
Q

What are the 8 Carpal Bones in the Hand?

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
30
Q

What are the 5 Metacarpal Bones in the hand?

A
  • First
  • Second
  • Third
  • Fourth
  • FIfth
31
Q

What are the 14 Phalange Bones in the hand?

A

~ Proximal phalanges (base of fingers) :
* 5 bones

~ Intermediate phalanges (middle of fingers) :
* 4 bones

~ Distal phalanges (tips of fingers) :
* 5 bones

32
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

Stapes bone – Located in the middle ear ; measuring approximately 3 millimeters in length.

33
Q

What are 3 bones that differ in male and female?

A
  • Pelvis
  • Skull
  • Sternum
34
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Forms the limbs and appendages, enabling movement and mobility.

35
Q

Parts of Appendicular Skeleton?

A
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Femur
  • Patella
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
36
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton?

A

Forms the body’s central axis, providing support and protection.

37
Q

Parts of Axial Skeleton?

A
  • Skull
  • Sternum
  • Rib Cage
  • Mandible
  • Vertebral Column

Biomedical Science (5 decks)

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