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Biomedical Science > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Skeletal System defined as?

A

Defined as the framework of :
* bones
* cartilage
* ligaments
* connective tissues

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2
Q

How many bones is the body composed of and what do such bones do?

A
  • The body is composed of 206 bones.
  • Which gives - form to the body and joints allow body motion.
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3
Q

Why must bones be rigid and unyielding to fulfill function?

A

To be able to adapt & grow as body grows.
(bone growth usually complete by late teens)

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4
Q

Bones are living tissues and contain?

A
  • rich blood supply that provides oxygen & nutrients
  • an extensive nerve supply
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5
Q

What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal System?

A

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Movement
4) Storage
5) Hemopoiesis

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6
Q

What is Skeletal Support?

A

Provides structural support for entire body.

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7
Q

What is Skeletal Protection?

A

Delicate tissues are surrounded by skeletal elements.
(ex : The skull protects the brain.)

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8
Q

What is Skeletal Movement?

A

Bones work with muscles to produce movement.
(“Bones convert muscle into movement”)

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9
Q

What are bones points of attachment to?

A

Muscles and Tendons

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10
Q

What is Skeletal Storage?

A

Bones store minerals that distribute to rest of body.
* Calcium
* Phosphorus
(main minerals)

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11
Q

What are lipids used for when stored in bones?

A

Lipids are used as energy.

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12
Q

What is Skeletal Hemopoiesis?

A

Red bone marrow produces :
*red blood cells (erythrocytes)
* white blood cells (leukocytes)
* platelets (thrombocytes)

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13
Q

5 Shapes of Bones?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid
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14
Q

Describe a Long Bone?

A

Long – Are longer than they are wide. (ex : femur | tibia | humerus)

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15
Q

Describe a Short Bone?

A

Short – Are nearly equal in length and width. (ex : carpals | tarsals | metacarpals)

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16
Q

Describe a Flat Bone?

A

Flat – Thin & relatively broad ; large surface area for muscle attachment. (ex : sternum | ribs | scapula)

17
Q

Describe a Irregular Bone?

A

Irregular – Complex shapes/Rare. (ex : vertebrae | sacrum | sphenoid bone)

18
Q

Describe a Sesamoid Bone?

A

Sesamoid – Small bones situated with tendons. (ex : patella | Pisiform)

19
Q

What is the Temporalis Muscle responsible for?

A

Responsible for :
* Elevating mandible to close jaw.
* Enable actions like chewing & biting.
* Stabilize the jaw & assist movement of retraction.

20
Q

Where is the Orbicularis Oris Muscle responsible for?

A

Responsible for :
* Closing and puckering lips.
* Assists with facial expressions.
* Helps form words and sounds during speech (shape of lips).

21
Q

Where is the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle responsible for?

A

Responsible for :
* Closing eyelids, blinking, & squinting.
* Protect the eye by reflexively closing the eyelid in response to threats or irritants.

22
Q

Differences between Compact & Spongy Bone?

A
  • Compact : Dense | Strong | Outer Layer
  • Spongy : Porous | Flexible | Inner Layer
23
Q

What are Intervertebral Disks and their function?

A
  • between each vertebrae
  • absorbing shocks & facilitating movement
  • enables smooth spinal movement
  • maintains stability
24
Q

What are True Ribs?

A

1 - 7 Pairs

25
Q

What are False Ribs?

A

8 - 12 Pairs

26
Q

What are Floating Ribs and why are they called “floating” ribs?

A

11 - 12 Pairs

Because they only attach to the vertebrae in the back and don’t have any anterior attachments.

27
Q

What are the 8 Carpal Bones in the Hand?

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
28
Q

What are the 5 Metacarpal Bones in the hand?

A
  • First
  • Second
  • Third
  • Fourth
  • FIfth
29
Q

What are the 14 Phalange Bones in the hand?

A
  • Proximal phalanges (base of fingers) : 5 bones
  • Intermediate phalanges (middle of fingers) : 4 bones
  • Distal phalanges (tips of fingers) : 5 bones
30
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

Stapes bone – Located in the middle ear ; measuring approximately 3 millimeters in length.

31
Q

What are 3 bones that differ in male and female?

A
  • Pelvis
  • Skull
  • Sternum
32
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton and what parts of the body are considered apart of such skeleton?

A

Appendicular Skeleton :
* forms limbs & appendages
* enables movement & mobility

Scapula | Clavicle | Humerus | Radius | Ulna | Carpals | Metacarpals | Phalanges | Pelvic Girdle | Femur | Patella | Tibia | Fibula | Tarsals | Metatarsals

33
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton and what parts of the body are considered apart of such skeleton?

A

Axial Skeleton :
* body’s central axis
* provides support & protection

Skull | Sternum | Rib Cage | Mandible | Vertebral Column

Biomedical Science (2 decks)

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