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Biomedical Science > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Apendicular Skeleton

A

forms the limbs & appendages (enables movement & mobility)
* scapula
* clavicle
* humerus
* radius
* ulna
* carpals
* metacarpals
* phalanges
* pelvic girdle
* femur
* patella
* tibia
* fibula
* tarsals
* metatarsals

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

forms the body’s central axis (provides support & protection)
* skull
* sternum
* rib cage
* vertebral column
- cervical vertebrae
- thoracic vertebrae
- lumbar vertebrae
- sacrum
- coccyx
* mandible

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3
Q

Body System Mechanism

A

cell –> tissues –> organ –> organ system –> organism

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4
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • a basic tissue type in the body that supports, protects, and connects other tissues and organs.
  • gives structure to other tissues
  • It’s made up of cells, fibers, and a gel-like substance.

Some examples of connective are:
* Bone
* Cartilage
* Adipose tissue ( fat )
* blood

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5
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  • known as epithelium tissue forms the lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.
  • one type forms the outer layer of the skin and another type lines the air sacs of the lungs.
  • the cells in the epithelium tissues are packed tightly together which form continuous sheets which contain no blood vessels.
  • they are classified according to shape and arrangement.
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6
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

composed of specialized cells called neurons which receive and send electrical signals in the body and are responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and transmits impulses, supporting cells that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

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7
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

specialized tissue that has the special ability to shorten or contract to produce the movements of body parts. There are 3 main types of muscle tissue.
* Skeletal muscle: long and cylindrical, multi-nucleated, and striated voluntarily
* Cardiac muscle: shorter and branched, uninucleated, strained involuntarily, intercalated disk
* Smooth muscle: spindle-shaped, uninucleated, non-striated, involuntary

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8
Q

Light Enters Eye Sequence

A

1) cornea
2) iris
3) pupil
4) lens
5) retina

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9
Q

Biometric

A

the technology that measures and analyzes individual physical or behavioral characteristics for identification purposes.

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10
Q

Retina Scanning

A

measures the pattern of blood vessels in an individual’s eye

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11
Q

Gait Recognition

A

captures and measures an individuals step pattern

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12
Q

Facial Recognition

A

analyzes specific and unique features of an indvidual’s face

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13
Q

Voice Recognition

A

records an individual’s voice using specific phrases or vocal patterns

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14
Q

Palm Scanning

A

scans and analyzes vein patterns of a palm

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15
Q

DNA Matching

A

records unique genetic material for identification (gel electrophoresis)

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16
Q

Iris Recognition

A

measures and analyzes muscles in the pupil

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17
Q

Fingerprint Recognition

A

measures unique ridges of the finger

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18
Q

DNA

A

(deoxyribonucleic acid)
* the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms, determining traits and functions.

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19
Q

4 Types of Bone

A

1) Long
2) Short
3) Flat
4) Irregular

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20
Q

Long Bone

A

are longer than they are wide
* humerus, femur, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, tibia, fibula

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21
Q

Short Bone

A

are nearly equal in length and width; somewhat cube-shaped
* carpals & tarsals

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22
Q

Flat Bone

A

are thin and relatively broad; have a large surface area for muscle attachment
* Scapula, carnival bones, sternum, ribs

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23
Q

Irregular Bone

A

have complex shapes that dont fit easily into any other category
* Facial bones and vertebrae

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24
Q

Diaphysis

A
  • the long central shaft of a bone
  • contains yellow bone marrow
  • made of compact bone
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25
Q

Epiphysis

A
  • the expanded ends of the bone
  • contains red bone marrow
  • made of spongy bone
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26
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

“growth plate
- the area where diaphysis and epiphysis met
- in a growing bone it is where cartilage is reinforced and then replaced by bone

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27
Q

Articular Cartilage

A
  • a thin layer of cartilage that covers the epiphysis or ends of bone
  • it provides a smooth gelding surface for joins and helps protect the ends of the bone
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28
Q

Periosteum

A
  • a dense fibrous covering the surface of the bone
  • it is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition
  • it also functions as a point of attachment for ligaments and tendons
29
Q

Medullary Cavity

A
  • the hallow part of the bone that contains bone marrow
30
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A
  • contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood, cells, or platelets
31
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A
  • made of mostly fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, far, or bone cells
32
Q

Compact Bone VS Spongy Bone

A

spongy bone is lighter and porous, while compact bone is dense and solid.

33
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • attention & focus
  • decision-making/problem-solving
  • reasoning
  • movement
34
Q

Parietal Lobe

A
  • emotion processing
35
Q

Temporal Lobe

A
  • emotion management
  • information processing
  • memory
  • language understanding
36
Q

Occipital Lobe

A
  • vision
37
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • balance
  • muscle coordination
  • movement
38
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • helps regulate vital body functions
39
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • blood pressure regulation
  • thirst and hunger
40
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • breathing
41
Q

Thalamus

A
  • sleeping & waking
42
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • long term memory
43
Q

Pons

A
  • links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.
44
Q

Midbrain

A
  • connection between the brain and spinal cord
45
Q

Sensory Cortex

A
  • smell
  • bodily sensations
46
Q

Motor Cortex

A
  • nerve impulses initiating involuntary muscular activity
47
Q

Gyrus

A

folds in the brain

48
Q

Sulci

A

grooves in the brain

49
Q

Sensory Neuron

A
  • carry signals from the outer part of your body into the CNS
  • have dendrites on both ends, connected by a long axon with a cell body in the middle
50
Q

Motor Neuron

A
  • control muscle contractions & have a cell body on one end, a long axon in the middle, and dendrites on the other side.
  • carry signals from the CNS to the outer parts of the body
51
Q

Interneuron

A
  • carries information between motor and sensory neurons
  • connects various neurons within the brain and spinal cord
52
Q

Dendrites

A

the structure of neurons that allow the cell to receive signals from other neurons

53
Q

Axon

A

conducts electrochemical impulses or action potentials

54
Q

Cell Membrane

A

regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell

55
Q

Axon Hillock

A

controls the initiation of electrical impulses based on the inputs from other neurons or the environment

56
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cell if it’s damaged the impulses slow down

57
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

allows ions to diffuse in and out of the neuron, propagating the electrical signal down the axon, allowing for the regeneration of an electrical signal ( action potential ) by facilitating the influx of ions and enabling repaid signal transmission along the axon

58
Q

Axon Terminal

A

the point where neuron releases neurotransmitters and effectively transmit electrical signals into chemical signals to communicate with other neurons or muscle cells

59
Q

Synapse

A

the junction between two neurons where electrical signals are converted into chemical signals across a small gap (synaptic cleft )

60
Q

Unipolar

A

( pseudounipolar ) has one process that is attached to the cell body: an axon that extends into dendrites

61
Q

Bipolar

A

have both an axon and a dendrite extending from the cell body ( which is in the middle ) in opposite directions

62
Q

Multipolar

A

contains a single axon and many dendrites

63
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells

64
Q

Isulin Feedback Loop

A

helps regulate blood sugar
(process : when sugar levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin to lower them, and when levels drop, insulin secretion slows)

65
Q

Afferent/Unipolar (outside –> CNS)

A

Sensory Neuron

66
Q

Efferent/Multipolar (CNS –> outside)

A

Motor Neuron

67
Q

Bipolar (sensory –> motor)

A

Interneuron

68
Q

Female VS Male Pelvis

A

The female pelvis is thinner and less dense in comparison to the thick and heavy male pelvis, women have larger and broader pelves / wider birth canals which allow for childbirth.

Biomedical Science (9 decks)

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